Husbandry procedures

Stafford, Kevin J.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100718-1.00011-x

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Independently of the production systems, management practices such as castration, tail-docking, dehorning, disbudding, branding, nose ringing, and mulesing (i.e., cutting wool-bearing and wrinkled skin from the perineal region and adjoining hindquarters of sheep) are stressful and painful procedures for animals. Several of these procedures induce acute pain that lasts several hours and is followed by chronic pain which can last more than 48 h (Stafford, 2017;Adcock and Tucker, 2018). As explained before, pain assessment relies mainly on general changes in behavior, as they are sensitive and non-invasive indicators of pain.…”

Section: Painful Husbandry Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Welfare in Extensive Production Systems Is Still an Area of Concern

Temple

Manteca

2020

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Traditionally, research on farm animal welfare has mainly been focused on welfare problems thought to be common in intensive systems, whereas the welfare of animals kept in extensive systems has attracted much less attention. This may be due to the generally held belief that extensive systems are advantageous in terms of animal welfare. Although it is undeniable that extensive systems have many benefits in terms of animal welfare, they are by no means free of welfare problems. This review highlights the animal welfare problems that are most likely to be found in extensive systems following the four animal welfare domains of "nutrition," "environment," "health," and "behavior." Extensive environments are highly variable and heterogeneous in terms of climate conditions, food quality, and access to high-quality water, and this can raise serious welfare concerns related to chronic hunger and thirst, and thermal stress. These problems will vary depending on the location and time of year. Some diseases are more likely in extensive systems than in intensive ones and this can be compounded by supervision of animals being more difficult in extensive systems. Several painful husbandry procedures as well as neonatal mortality and predation are other potential welfare issues for animals raised in extensive systems. Finally, infrequent handling and / or potentially aversive handling can impair human-animal relationship and have a negative effect on the welfare of extensive livestock. Detection and monitoring of welfare problems in extensive systems are essential for implementing practical solutions adapted to local challenges. Selecting animals that are adapted to local conditions reduces some of the welfare problems encountered in extensive systems. Practice-led innovations should be undertaken in extensive systems and should support knowledge-exchange strategies with producers.

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Section: Painful Husbandry Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Welfare in Extensive Production Systems Is Still an Area of Concern

Temple

Manteca

2020

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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“…Physical methods include surgically removing the testicles, applying a rubber ring at the base of the scrotum, or crushing the spermatic cords with a clamp. Regardless of the method used, castration causes acute pain in calves, piglets, lambs, and goat kids (Rault et al, 2011;Coetzee, 2013;Stafford, 2017;Graves et al, 2020;Prunier et al, 2020). Surgical incisions take between 4 and 11 weeks to heal in beef calves, and behavioral and physiological changes indicative of pain are present for several weeks, with the most persistent changes seen after the rubber-ring method [reviewed in Adcock and Tucker (2018b)].…”

Section: Castrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Life Painful Procedures: Long-Term Consequences and Implications for Farm Animal Welfare

Adcock

2021

Front. Anim. Sci.

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Farm animals routinely undergo painful husbandry procedures early in life, including disbudding and castration in calves and goat kids, tail docking and castration in piglets and lambs, and beak trimming in chicks. In rodents, inflammatory events soon after birth, when physiological systems are developing and sensitive to perturbation, can profoundly alter phenotypic outcomes later in life. This review summarizes the current state of research on long-term phenotypic consequences of neonatal painful procedures in rodents and farm animals, and discusses the implications for farm animal welfare. Rodents exposed to early life inflammation show a hypo-/hyper-responsive profile to pain-, fear-, and anxiety-inducing stimuli, manifesting as an initial attenuation in responses that transitions into hyperresponsivity with increasing age or cumulative stress. Neonatal inflammation also predisposes rodents to cognitive, social, and reproductive deficits, and there is some evidence that adverse effects may be passed to offspring. The outcomes of neonatal inflammation are modulated by injury etiology, age at the time of injury and time of testing, sex, pain management, and rearing environment. Equivalent research examining long-term phenotypic consequences of early life painful procedures in farm animals is greatly lacking, despite obvious implications for welfare and performance. Improved understanding of how these procedures shape phenotypes will inform efforts to mitigate negative outcomes through reduction, replacement, and refinement of current practices.

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“…When comparing the different techniques for tail docking, rubber ring and hot‐iron cautery have been shown to produce similar plasma cortisol responses. However, lambs are more active after cautery docking, suggesting that rubber ring docking may be more painful (Stafford 2017). Furthermore, cold‐knife docking has been shown to cause a much greater cortisol response and is generally discouraged as a practice (Mellor and Stafford 2000).…”

Section: Painmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rubber ring castration produces a smaller plasma cortisol peak than surgical castration; however, wound healing is slower with this technique. Lambs still show behaviour of turning to look at their scrotum six weeks after rubber ring castration, suggesting chronic pain (Stafford 2017). There is also some evidence of neuroma formation in docked sheep (Sutherland and Tucker 2011).…”

Section: Painmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considering the 3Rs for castration and tail docking in sheep

Gascoigne¹,

Mouland²,

Lovatt³

2021

In Practice

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Background: Tail docking and castration in lambs are permitted in the UK and are governed by multiple legislations including the Protection of Animals (Anaesthetics) Act (1954), the Veterinary Surgeons Act (1966), the Welfare of Livestock Regulations (1982), the Animal Welfare Act (2006) and the Mutilations (Permitted Procedures)(England) Regulations (2007). However, with political uncertainty and increasing consumer interest in how red meat is produced, the changing global agenda with reference to mutilations will mean that such procedures in the UK are increasingly under the spotlight and may require increasing justification on farm. Notably, the pain caused by these mutilations and their blanket use in regards to sheep production feature on the agenda of several animal welfare charities, including Compassion in World Farming and People for Ethical Treatment of Animals. Aim of the article: With over 10 years since the publication of the Farm Animal Welfare Council's (FAWC) report discussing the implications of these mutilation procedures on the welfare of lambs (FAWC 2008), and the recent publication of the BVA's policy on tail docking and castration (BVA 2020), in this article we will review the debate. Key areas that are considered include the changes in perception of mutilations; the developments in the evidence since the FAWC's publication; the current legislation and how global practices adhere to these rules; the European perspective of mutilations; and how the ‘reduce, refine, replace’ (3Rs) approach can be applied to mutilation discussions when preparing health plans. The arguments surrounding this topic are complex and the ultimate driver for any discussion on farm should be maximising overall animal welfare.

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Husbandry procedures

Cited by 7 publications

References 32 publications

Animal Welfare in Extensive Production Systems Is Still an Area of Concern

Animal Welfare in Extensive Production Systems Is Still an Area of Concern

Early Life Painful Procedures: Long-Term Consequences and Implications for Farm Animal Welfare

Considering the 3Rs for castration and tail docking in sheep

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