Hurricanes Pauline and Nora rainwater chemical composition

Padilla, Hugo; Bélmont, R.; Torres, M. B.; Báez, A.

doi:10.1139/e99-114

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This behavior has been reported for other authors, who have found an abrupt increase of sea spray droplets when wind speed increases as hurricanes approach the coast. This was also observed by Padilla et al [25] in Huatulco Bay and Manzanillo, Colima in Mexico. Cerón and collaborators [21] found high levels of sodium and chloride in Monterrey after the passage of the Hurricane "Alex" in 2010.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Study of Trace Ions in Wet Deposition of an Industrial Site in Monterrey’s Metropolitan Area, Mexico

Lara¹,

Cerón-Bretón²,

Cerón-Bretón³

et al. 2016

OJE

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The chemistry of rainwater has been subject to numerous investigations during the last two decades due to the increase of environmental problems caused by the acid deposition. The present study focuses on one aspect of air pollution, the chemical composition of wet deposition of an industrial zone. The sampling period was from March to December 2009. The station was located on the roof of the Chemistry School at the University of Nuevo León, an area in the north of Monterrey where the majority of pollution is generated. Twenty-five wet precipitation samples were collected with an automatic sampler and analyzed for pH, ions ( 2 4 SO − , 3 NO − , Cl − , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , K + ) and conductivity. The results show that the average pH is higher than 5.6; the characteristics of the rainwater studied are of alkaline nature due to the values of pH found; there is an evident anthropogenic source contributing to the alkaline of rain water. In order to find possible association between ions and consequently the possible sources of pollutants correlation study was applied using the program SPSS v.12. Good correlations were found between ions 2 4 SO − and 3 NO − along with Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ . The local extraction industry and surrounding aerosols might be causing of alkaline rain which may be due to the neutralization effect of particulate matter. This study represents a continuation of the studies of rainwater chemistry in the Northeast of Mexico.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Study of Trace Ions in Wet Deposition of an Industrial Site in Monterrey’s Metropolitan Area, Mexico

Lara¹,

Cerón-Bretón²,

Cerón-Bretón³

et al. 2016

OJE

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“…The highest values were observed during August, when hurricane "Ernesto" arrived to the island. It is agree with reported by Padilla et al [11], where a relationship between hurricanes ("Paulina" and "Nora") and high pH levels was reported.…”

Section: Ionic Concentrationssupporting

confidence: 93%

Chemical Composition, Fluxes and Seasonal Variation of Acid Deposition in Carmen Island, Campeche, Mexico

Cerón¹,

Cerón²,

Carballo³

et al. 2013

JEP

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Two hundred and seven rain events from April to October 2012 were collected in Carmen Island, Campeche, Mexico, and the concentration of 8 major ions with the pH of the rainwater was analyzed. Chemical composition variations as a result of seasonal patterns, meteorological conditions, and mixed local and regional sources contribution were assessed. In spite of the fact that nitrate and sulfate levels were higher than background hemispheric values, the average pH values were almost neutral. Carmen Island was under the influence of both, local and long-range transported emissions. Chemical composition showed a dilution effect as a result of the monthly rainfall amount. Ca²⁺ and Na⁺ were the most abundant ions, and these ions acted as acid neutralizers and buffered the acidity of the rain, suggesting that marine and crustal aerosols played an important role in the acid-base interactions. Wet deposition fluxes obtained were compared with reference values proposed as critical loads, fluxes obtained in this study did not exceed the critical values reported for sensitive ecosystems in Europe, indicating that this site has yet enough capacity to support acidity, nitrogen and sulfur deposition. However, it is necessary to obtain reference values characteristics for tropical regions.

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“…High levels of sulfate excess were present in samples collected during the study period, suggesting the influence of the emissions from power plants located upwind the sampling site; this percentage is in agreement with the sulfate excess reported by Padilla et al [5] in rainwater samples in this site.…”

Section: Marine Aerosol Contributionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Figure 1 and Table 1 show the geographical position and main characteristics of the sampling site. High excess sulfate has been reported in rainwater samples in Manzanillo [5], and it has been concluded that this sul- fate excess had a predominant anthropogenic background origin. This sulfate excess can be explained from two sources: the long-range transport from Guadalajara City, because Manzanillo is located downwind from this important urban and industrialized area (trade winds blow from this direction during the summer); and two fossilfueled power plants that operate continuously, located in this site.…”

Section: Sampling Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Dry Deposition in the Proximity of Oil-Fired Power Plants at Mexican Pacific Coast

Cerón

Cerón²,

Aguilar³

et al. 2012

JEP

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Dry deposition samples were collected in a weekly basis during 2010 in a site located at the Mexican Pacific Coast: Manzanillo, Colima. Samples were collected with an automatic wet/dry deposition sampler using nylon filters as surrogate surfaces. Samples were extracted with deionized water and analyzed for pH, conductivity, Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, NH₄^-, NO₃^-, SO₄^2- and Cl^-. Nitrate and sulfate were the most abundant ions, contributing with 53% to the total ionic mass; and their levels exceeded the hemispheric background concentrations proposed for marine remote sites. The influence of the power plants burning combustoleo located upwind the sampling site was completely evident. From meteorological analysis, it could be observed that the sampling site was all time under the influence of power plants as a result of the effect of breezes. However, in spite of the high levels of NO₃^- and SO₄^2- found in the samples collected, pH value average was almost neutral, with 28% of samples slightly acid. Potassium was the most abundant cation and from the quantification of the neutralization effect of the main alkaline components, the prevalence role of K+ was completely evident, suggesting the influence of the mining complex Peña Colorada located upwind the sampling site, where amyl xanthate potassium is used as collector in tailing dams. Dry deposition fluxes were estimated for all ions measured. Nitrogen dry deposition at Manzanillo is already in the upper extreme of the threshold value reported for sensible ecosystems. On the other hand, sulfur deposition exceeded slightly the critical load value reported for some ecosystems in Europe. Even at this moment, nitrogen and sulfur deposition is not a problem, it is necessary to take steps to avoid that total deposition of these elements exceeds critical loads, considering that results reported in this study not include the wet deposition fluxes

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Hurricanes Pauline and Nora rainwater chemical composition

Cited by 5 publications

References 24 publications

Study of Trace Ions in Wet Deposition of an Industrial Site in Monterrey’s Metropolitan Area, Mexico

Study of Trace Ions in Wet Deposition of an Industrial Site in Monterrey’s Metropolitan Area, Mexico

Chemical Composition, Fluxes and Seasonal Variation of Acid Deposition in Carmen Island, Campeche, Mexico

Atmospheric Dry Deposition in the Proximity of Oil-Fired Power Plants at Mexican Pacific Coast

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