Hurricane Betsy in the Florida-Bahama Area: Geologic Effects and Comparison with Hurricane Donna

Perkins, Ronald D.; Enos, Paul

doi:10.1086/627394

Cited by 119 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Since there are typically several branches per colony', and some branches broke into more than one piece, the total number of live elkhorn colonies on the reef apparently increased as a result of the storm. Survival of A. palrnata fragments generated by storms has also been noted in Florida (Ball et al, 1967;Perkins and Enos, 1968) and Puerto Rico (Glynn et al. 1965); at Anegada, British Virgin Islands, many live colonies are detached from their original base (Dunne and Brown, 1979).…”

Section: Caribbean Coralsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Colonies were scored as detached if they were not connected to the substratum or to branches of other colonies and there was evidence that the colony had previously been attached elsewhere Similarly, the majority of Acropora cervicornis colonies within the Florida Reef Tract apparently develop from broken branches of other colonies rather than from larval settlement (Gilmore and Hall, 1976). In fact, the rapid recovery of Florida reefs from hurricane damage has been attributed to the survival and growth of numerous A. cervicornis fragments dispersed by the storms which increased the number of sites of active reef growth ; see also Perkins and Enos, 1968). Interestingly, no A. cervicornis larvae settled during a n 8-month study of coral recruitment at Carysfort Reef, Florida (Dustan, 1977).…”

Section: Caribbean Coralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reproduction by Fragmentation in Corals

Highsmith¹

1982

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

596

424

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Production of new colonies by fragmentation of established colonies is shown to be an extremely important mode of reproduction and local distribution anlong major reef-bu~lding corals. This type of reproduction avoids the high mortality rates of larvae and juveniles and spreads the risk of mortality for the genotype Fragmentation by corals wlth high growth rates results In their domination of certain reef zones, rapid growth of reefs on which these corals are abundant, and rapid recovery from disturbances. I conclude that a number of the most successful corals are adapted to fragment, 1.e have incorporated fragmentation into their life histories

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Section: Caribbean Coralsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Caribbean Coralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproduction by Fragmentation in Corals

Highsmith¹

1982

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

596

424

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“…In fact, these studies and others have led to the opinion that hurricanes are a primary cause of present and past coral mortality, diversity, and distribution on Caribbean reefs (Connell 1978;Porter et al 1981;Rogers 1993a;Aronson and Precht 1995;Blanchon 1997;and many others). Some areas, such as Costa Rica and Panama, receive virtually no hurricanes while others, including the Florida reef tract, suffer from regular hurricane damage (Ball, Shinn, and Stockman 1967;Perkins and Enos 1968;Neumann et al 1993;Treml, Colgan, and Keevican 1997). Although hurricanes have been important at some localities (e.g., Stoddart 1963;Woodley et al 1981;Graus, Macintyre, and 9.…”

Section: Hurricanesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large number of hurricanes struck the Florida Keys between 1910 and 1948, decreasing significantly over the next 50 years. In 1960 and 1965, Hurricanes Donna and Betsy struck the upper Keys but caused substantial damage to only a few reefs (Ball, Shinn, and Stockman 1967;Perkins and Enos 1968). Recovery was rapid after Hurricanes Donna and Betsy, with little evidence of storm effects present after one year and total recovery within five and three years, respectively (Shinn 1976).…”

Section: Hurricanesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Shifts along the Florida Reef Tract: The Past as a Key to the Future

Precht

Miller

Geological Approaches to Coral Reef Ecology

122

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“…This evaluation a strong influence on the transport of sediments and generation of should include long-term trends in storm activity and the primary sedimentary structures [Perkins and Enos, 1969;Kresia, 1981;Dott and Bourgeois, 1982;Perimutter, 1982;Swirl et al, 1983;Duke, 1985a, b;Craft and Bridge, 1987]. However, the causative links between structures and process are poorly understood, making interpretation of sedimentary systems difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Storm activity in ancient climates: 2. An analysis using climate simulations and sedimentary structures

Psuclim

1999

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract. Severe storms generate sedimentary structures and textures that can be identified in the geologic record. A companion paper [PSUCLIM, this issue] describes the genesis and distribution of both winter storms and hurricanes and their sensitivity to climatic and geographic variables. In this paper, a total of 90 storm deposits are compared to GENESIS climate simulations in order to examine storm activity from the Permian to the Cretaceous and to evaluate the ability of the model to predict storms in ancient environments. Approximately 70% of the observed deposits are predicted by the models. The majority of the missed deposits are associated with recognizable errors. If these specific sources of error are eliminated, the model predicts over 90% of observed deposits. This degree of accuracy allows the assignment of generative processes to individual deposits; however, causative differences between hummocky cross stratification and tempestite type deposits are not distinguishable. The distribution of severe storms through Earth history varies as a function of both continental geometry and climate. Elevated atmospheric CO2 appears to homogenize the latitudinal distribution of storm deposits by expanding the area of hurricane genesis. Geography exerted the dominant control on winter storm distribution and was responsible for a shift in the concentration of winter storm' deposits from the Southern Hemisphere in the Early Permian to the Northern Hemisphere in the mid-Cretaceous. IntroductionInstead, the objective must be to utilize storm predictio Global climate simulations, by providing physically based considerations of climatic and geographic controls, may provide a powerful means for evaluating severe storm activity through geologic time. In the first paper, [PSUCLIM, this issue (hereinafter referred to as PSUCLIM 1)] results describing the sensitivity of severe storm activity (both hurricanes and winter storms) to changes in geography, topography, CO2, solar variations, and ocean heat transport are presented. Here we evaluate storm activity in the past using climate model simulations for seven time periods from the Early Permian (-281 Ma) to the mid-Cretaceous (-100 Ma). This interval spans from an icehouse period, during which extensive continental ice was present to a greenhouse period, during which continental ice is believed to have been absent [Frakes et al, 1992]. In this work, we address three main issues.First, we assess how well model predictions of storm activity agree with the temporal and geographic distribution of sedimentary structures attributed by previous workers to storm activity. We anticipate good agreement between the model simulations and the geologic record but are cognizant that geologic interpretation may be flawed and that model accuracy is affected both by the limitations of general circulation models (GCMs) in general and by the reliability of specified boundary conditions. Second, by examining the distribution of severe storms relative to generative processes, we determine whet...

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Hurricane Betsy in the Florida-Bahama Area: Geologic Effects and Comparison with Hurricane Donna

Cited by 119 publications

References 2 publications

Reproduction by Fragmentation in Corals

Reproduction by Fragmentation in Corals

Ecological Shifts along the Florida Reef Tract: The Past as a Key to the Future

Storm activity in ancient climates: 2. An analysis using climate simulations and sedimentary structures

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