Hurdles to herd immunity: Distrust of government and vaccine refusal in the US, 2002–2003

Lee, Charlotte M; Whetten, Kathryn; Omer, Saad B.; Pan, William; Salmon, Daniel A.

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.06.048

Cited by 116 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Similarly, previous studies found distrust in the government and dissatisfaction with the conventional health care system to be associated with CAM use [16,57]. These results suggest that individuals who find the formal health care system to be unreliable resort to CAM to compensate for the lack of perceived-health care quality, to practice autonomy, and to protect themselves from health threats [16,[57][58][59]. However, the findings remain inconclusive, and further research is needed to improve our understanding of the determinants of CAM use during epidemic events.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…In the case of health belief-related factors, those who used CAM prior to the outbreak and showed dissatisfaction with the government response to the outbreak were more likely to use CAM in the present study. Similarly, previous studies found distrust in the government and dissatisfaction with the conventional health care system to be associated with CAM use [16,57]. These results suggest that individuals who find the formal health care system to be unreliable resort to CAM to compensate for the lack of perceived-health care quality, to practice autonomy, and to protect themselves from health threats [16,[57][58][59].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Complementary and alternative medicine use among outpatients during the 2015 MERS outbreak in South Korea: a cross-sectional study

Hwang

Cho

et al. 2020

BMC Complement Med Ther

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Background: The 2015 MERS outbreak in South Korea was the largest event outside of the Middle East. Under such circumstances, individuals tend to resort to non-conventional solutions such as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) to manage health. Thus, this study aims to examine characteristics of CAM use among outpatients in a community hospital setting during the 2015 MERS outbreak and to assess potential predictors of CAM use during the epidemic. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 331 patients (response rate: 82.75%) at a community hospital located in Seoul, South Korea. The survey instrument included 36 questions on the use of CAM, demographic characteristics, health status, and respondents' perceptions and concerns about MERS infection. Chisquare test and logistic regression were conducted for data analysis using SPSS ver. 21.0., and a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all analyses. Results: 76.1% of respondents used one or more types of CAM modalities during the MERS outbreak. Consumption of easily accessible modalities such as multivitamin (51.2%) and food products (32.1%) was most popular, and the majority of CAM users relied on mass media (52.4%) and the internet (27.4%) to obtain information on CAM. The use of CAM was associated with age between 40 and 49, age over 50, prior CAM use, and dissatisfaction with the government response to the MERS outbreak.Conclusions: CAM was commonly used by outpatients during the 2015 MERS outbreak in Korea, and mass media was the main source of information. Establishing a media platform is of paramount importance to provide reliable information and ensure the safety of its use.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Complementary and alternative medicine use among outpatients during the 2015 MERS outbreak in South Korea: a cross-sectional study

Hwang

Cho

et al. 2020

BMC Complement Med Ther

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“…One thing we do know is that doctors (in general) and pharmaceutical companies (en masse) are distrusted by vaccine rejecting parents [22, 28, 36, 37]. The central question for public health, therefore, is: if the messenger is distrusted, how do we get the message there in an appropriate manner and what message will be accepted?…”

Section: Concluding Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the perceived logic of care by vaccine-hesitant and vaccine-refusing parents: A qualitative study in Australia

et al. 2017

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In terms of public health, childhood vaccination programs have benefits that far outweigh risks. However, some parents decide not to vaccinate their children. This paper explores the ways in which such parents talked about the perceived risks and benefits incurred by vaccinating (or not vaccinating) their children. Between 2013–2016 we undertook 29 in-depth interviews with non-vaccinating and/or ‘vaccine hesitant’ parents in Australia. Interviews were conducted in an open and non-judgmental manner, akin to empathic neutrality. Interviews focused on parents talking about the factors that shaped their decisions not to (or partially) vaccinate their children. All interviews were transcribed and analysed using both inductive and deductive processes. The main themes focus on parental perceptions of: 1. their capacity to reason; 2. their rejection of Western medical epistemology; and 3. their participation in labour intensive parenting practices (which we term salutogenic parenting). Parents engaged in an ongoing search for information about how best to parent their children (capacity to reason), which for many led to questioning/distrust of traditional scientific knowledge (rejection of Western medical epistemology). Salutogenic parenting spontaneously arose in interviews, whereby parents practised health promoting activities which they saw as boosting the natural immunity of their children and protecting them from illness (reducing or negating the perceived need for vaccinations). Salutogenic parenting practices included breastfeeding, eating organic and/or home-grown food, cooking from scratch to reduce preservative consumption and reducing exposure to toxins. We interpret our data as a ‘logic of care’, which is seen by parents as internally consistent, logically inter-related and inter-dependent. Whilst not necessarily sharing the parents’ reasoning, we argue that an understanding of their attitudes towards health and well-being is imperative for any efforts to engage with their vaccine refusal at a policy level.

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“…Of the 10 of 57 studies that found an association between belief in the efficacy of the vaccine and vaccination status, 2 investigated all childhood vaccines (24,84), and 7 investigated attitudes and beliefs about influenza vaccine (39,47,64,73,77,80). In 11 of the 57 studies, an association was found between vaccination status and trust in doctors and health care professionals or recommendations from a doctor (24,41,66,69,80,(85)(86)(87)(88)(89). Of those, 6 participants were asked about all childhood vaccines (24,68,69,(85)(86)(87), and influenza vaccines in 4 studies (41,66,80,88).…”

Section: Associations Between Attitudes and Beliefs With Vaccination mentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of parental vaccine hesitancy and refusal in childhood vaccination

Dyda¹,

King²,

Dey³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background Acceptance of vaccines is an important predictor of vaccine uptake. This has public health implications as those who are not vaccinated are at a higher risk of infection from vaccine preventable diseases. We aimed to systematically review studies of parental attitudes and beliefs in childhood vaccination, with a focus on the methods used to measure hesitancy and refusal.Methods We identified and reviewed primary research studies using quantitative methods and investigating vaccine attitudes and beliefs published between January 2012 and May 2018. Studies were included if they involved a quantitative survey of the attitudes and beliefs of parents about vaccinations recommended for children. We undertook a narrative synthesis of the results with a focus on evaluating variation in the use of behavioural theories, validated survey instruments, and localisation and adaptation of questions to suit local context.Results A total of 116 studies met the inclusion criteria; 99 used a cross sectional study design, 5 used a case control study design, 4 used a pre-post study design and 8 used mixed methods study designs. Sample sizes of included studies ranged from 49 to 12,259. Thirty-six countries were represented in the included studies. The most commonly used tool was the Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines (PACV) Survey. Questions eliciting vaccination attitudes and beliefs varied widely.Conclusions There was heterogeneity in the types of measures used in studies investigating attitudes and beliefs about vaccination in parents. Broader and more consistent use of validated survey instruments for measuring parental attitudes and beliefs about childhood vaccination would help to better understand localised differences in the reasons for vaccine hesitancy and refusal.

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Hurdles to herd immunity: Distrust of government and vaccine refusal in the US, 2002–2003

Cited by 116 publications

References 20 publications

Complementary and alternative medicine use among outpatients during the 2015 MERS outbreak in South Korea: a cross-sectional study

Complementary and alternative medicine use among outpatients during the 2015 MERS outbreak in South Korea: a cross-sectional study

Understanding the perceived logic of care by vaccine-hesitant and vaccine-refusing parents: A qualitative study in Australia

A systematic review of parental vaccine hesitancy and refusal in childhood vaccination

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