Huntsmen of the Caribbean: Multiple tests of the GAARlandia hypothesis

Tong, Yanfeng; Binford, Greta J.; Rheims, Cristina A.; Kuntner, Matjaž; Liu, Jie; Agnarsson, Ingi

doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2018.09.017

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…An early appearance of megalocnid sloths in the West Indies has been proposed on general palaeobiogeographical grounds 3,10,17,24,60 Table 2) for the last common ancestor of sloths sampled in this study. This inference is also roughly consistent with the GAARlandia dispersal hypothesis 5,62 , which holds that northwestern South America and the Greater Antilles were briefly in land connection during the Eocene-Oligocene transition. Without going beyond the very slim body of molecular evidence currently available, there is now at least some basis for hypothesizing that *Megalocnidae might represent an in situ Antillean radiation that was emplaced on the islands during the earliest phases of the evolution of the folivoran crowngroup-much earlier than previously thought and inconsistent with the hypothesis of a Patagonian origin for Folivora as a whole .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Palaeoproteomics resolves sloth relationships

et al. 2019

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The living tree sloths Choloepus and Bradypus are the only remaining members of Folivora, a major xenarthran radiation that occupied a wide range of habitats in many parts of the western hemisphere during the Cenozoic, including both continents and the West Indies. Ancient DNA evidence has played only a minor role in folivoran systematics, as most sloths lived in places not conducive to genomic preservation. Here we utilise collagen sequence information, both separately and in combination with published mtDNA evidence, to assess the relationships of tree sloths and their extinct relatives. Results from phylogenetic analysis of these datasets differ substantially from morphology-based concepts: Choloepus groups with Mylodontidae, not 64 Megalonychidae; Bradypus and Megalonyx pair together as megatherioids, while monophyletic Antillean sloths may be sister to all other folivorans. Divergence estimates are consistent with fossil evidence for mid-Cenozoic presence of sloths in the West Indies and an early Miocene radiation in South America. The sloths (Xenarthra, Folivora), nowadays a taxonomically narrow (6 species in 2 genera) component of the fauna of South and Central America 1,2 were once a highly successful clade of placental mammals as measured by higher-level diversity (Fig. 1). Diverging sometime in the Palaeogene from their closest relatives, the anteaters (Vermilingua), folivorans greatly expanded their diversity and range, eventually reaching North America as well as the West Indies 3-8. During the late Cenozoic sloth lineage diversity may have expanded and contracted several times 9. Final collapse occurred in the late Quaternary (end-Pleistocene on the continents, mid

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Palaeoproteomics resolves sloth relationships

et al. 2019

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“…1)). This contrasts with patterns seen in more dispersive Caribbean spiders that rarely have more than a single species of a given genus in one locality (e.g., Dziki et al 2015, Čandek et al 2019, Tong et al 2019 Despite patterns consistent with high local diversity, there is evidence that some Heteroonops species are wide ranging. Two taxa that represent new records were collected far from their type localities in the Cordillera Central, H. castelloides, and H. validus.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

Heteroonops (Araneae, Oonopidae) spiders from Hispaniola: the discovery of ten new species

Dupérré¹,

Francisco²,

Santana-Propper³

et al. 2020

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The Caribbean biodiversity hotspot harbors vast reserves of undiscovered species. A large-scale inventory of Caribbean arachnids (CarBio) is uncovering new species across the arachnid tree of life, and allowing inference of the evolutionary history that has generated this diversity. Herein we describe ten new species of Heteroonops (Oonopidae, or goblin spiders), from Hispaniola: H. scapulasp. nov., H. jurassicussp. nov., H. aylinalegreaesp. nov., H. verrucasp. nov., H. renebarbaisp. nov., H. yumasp. nov., H. carlosviquezisp. nov., H. gabrielsantosisp. nov., H. solanllycarreroaesp. nov. and H. constanzasp. nov. The occurrence of the pantropical type species Heteroonops spinimanus (Simon, 1891) is reported and new localities are given for: H. validus (Bryant, 1948), H. vega (Platnick & Dupérré, 2009) and H. castelloides (Platnick & Dupérré, 2009). Molecular phylogenies indicate substantial genetic divergence separating these taxa. This work adds to evidence that the depth of diversity in the Caribbean biodiversity hotspot is particularly striking for tiny taxa living in leaf litter.

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“…There is an historical and ongoing debate in the field of biogeography regarding the relative importance of LDD versus vicariance in diversification and distributions of species (Ali, 2012;Agnarsson, Ali & Barrington, 2019). Contemporary biogeographic studies have revealed that both LDD and vicariance are important for the distributions of many lineages within the Caribbean (Hedges, 1996;Cowie & Holland, 2006;Holland & Cowie, 2007;Chamberland et al, 2018;Čandek et al, 2020;Tong, Binford & Agnarsson, 2019;Crews & Esposito, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeography of the widespread Caribbean spiny orb weaverGasteracantha cancriformis

Chamberland

Salgado-Roa

Basco

et al. 2020

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Background Modern molecular analyses are often inconsistent with pre-cladistic taxonomic hypotheses, frequently indicating higher richness than morphological taxonomy estimates. Among Caribbean spiders, widespread species are relatively few compared to the prevalence of single island endemics. The taxonomic hypothesis Gasteracantha cancriformis circumscribes a species with profuse variation in size, color and body form. Distributed throughout the Neotropics, G. cancriformis is the only morphological species of Gasteracantha in the New World in this globally distributed genus. Methods We inferred phylogenetic relationships across Neotropical populations of Gasteracantha using three target genes. Within the Caribbean, we estimated genetic diversity, population structure, and gene flow among island populations. Results Our findings revealed a single widespread species of Gasteracantha throughout the Caribbean, G. cancriformis, while suggesting two recently divergent mainland populations that may represent separate species, diverging linages, or geographically isolated demes. The concatenated and COI (Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1) phylogeny supported a Caribbean clade nested within the New World. Genetic variability was high between island populations for our COI dataset; however, gene flow was also high, especially between large, adjacent islands. We found structured genetic and morphological variation within G. cancriformis island populations; however, this variation does not reflect genealogical relationships. Rather, isolation by distance and local morphological adaptation may explain the observed variation.

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Huntsmen of the Caribbean: Multiple tests of the GAARlandia hypothesis

Cited by 26 publications

References 53 publications

Palaeoproteomics resolves sloth relationships

Palaeoproteomics resolves sloth relationships

Heteroonops (Araneae, Oonopidae) spiders from Hispaniola: the discovery of ten new species

Phylogeography of the widespread Caribbean spiny orb weaverGasteracantha cancriformis

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