Hunting Technologies and Archaeofaunas: Societal Differences Between Hunter-Gatherers of the Eastern Arctic

Howse, Lesley

doi:10.1007/s10816-018-9366-2

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Archaeological evidence suggests that dogs were relatively rare in the North American Arctic prior to the Inuit period [12,13]. The Inuit emergence in Alaska beginning approximately 2000 BP brought large-scale changes in lifeways, subsistence practices and material culture to the North American Arctic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specialized sledge dogs accompanied Inuit dispersal across the North American Arctic

et al. 2019

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Domestic dogs have been central to life in the North American Arctic for millennia. The ancestors of the Inuit were the first to introduce the widespread usage of dog sledge transportation technology to the Americas, but whether the Inuit adopted local Palaeo-Inuit dogs or introduced a new dog population to the region remains unknown. To test these hypotheses, we generated mitochondrial DNA and geometric morphometric data of skull and dental elements from a total of 922 North American Arctic dogs and wolves spanning over 4500 years. Our analyses revealed that dogs from Inuit sites dating from 2000 BP possess morphological and genetic signatures that distinguish them from earlier Palaeo-Inuit dogs, and identified a novel mitochondrial clade in eastern Siberia and Alaska. The genetic legacy of these Inuit dogs survives today in modern Arctic sledge dogs despite phenotypic differences between archaeological and modern Arctic dogs. Together, our data reveal that Inuit dogs derive from a secondary pre-contact migration of dogs distinct from Palaeo-Inuit dogs, and probably aided the Inuit expansion across the North American Arctic beginning around 1000 BP.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specialized sledge dogs accompanied Inuit dispersal across the North American Arctic

et al. 2019

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“…The Shannon–Wiener index is a heterogeneity index that normally varies between 1.5 and 3.5; larger values equal greater heterogeneity and more individual taxa (Lyman, ). Evenness measures how individuals are distributed by taxon and is calculated as the Shannon index of evenness, which can vary between zero and one (i.e., Betts & Friesen, ; Darwent, ; Howse, ). A value closer to one indicates that the individuals in taxa are equally abundant (Lyman, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing fill and floor: A taphonomic framework for understanding depositional histories in a semi‐subterranean house in north‐west Alaska

Norman

2018

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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Collapsed semi-subterranean dwelling features are often excellent sources for well-preserved faunal, artefactual, and architectural material in the Arctic. However, collapsed structures may be reused after house abandonment as storage areas, hunting blinds, refuse areas, or other resource facilities. Despite their reuse and possibly different occupation period, artefacts and faunal material from the fill are often employed, uncritically, to interpret the original house occupation. Within a Thule Inuit house depression, I employ an analytical framework as a heuristic device to compare the social nature of the various faunal deposits and the processes that affected them. Analyses show that the taphonomic processes alter the fill more extensively and intensively than the underlying floor. The floor shows little post-depositional disturbance and is evidence for a cold-season occupation. By contrast, the fill is a palimpsest of multiple occupations, some possibly related to the house occupation.Archaeologists need to differentiate fill from floor contexts when talking about the original occupation because the taphonomy of the two contexts indicate each is a distinct set of assemblages with differing operative processes.

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“…Research on the area continues, though it is important to note that Inuinnait (modern Inuit of the region, sometimes referred to as "Copper Inuit" in the scholarly literature) always knew Iqaluktuuq was culturally important [2,3]. Renewed fieldwork as part of the Iqaluktuuq Project occurred from 1999 to 2010 and included further survey and mapping as well as excavations at ten sites [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] (Figure 2). Primary attributes of each significant site are summarised in Table 2, though it must be noted that information on these sites is somewhat uneven; some have been excavated and published intensively, while others have only been observed during a rapid survey or are known only through Taylor's [16] field notes.…”

Section: Archaeologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleogeography of Human Settlement at Iqaluktuuq, Victoria Island, Nunavut

Ross

Friesen

2022

Geosciences

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Change in sea levels, be they isostatic or eustatic, impact humans and the paleogeography they inhabit. In this paper we examine paleogeography at Iqaluktuuq, a section of the Ekalluk River, Victoria Island, Nunavut, between Tahiryuaq (Ferguson Lake) and Wellington Bay. The area’s isostatic rebound impacted the Ekalluk River’s development and the use of the area by two essential subsistence resources, Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and caribou (Rangifer tarandus). This, in turn, impacted the choices of Pre-Dorset, Middle and Late Dorset, and Thule/Inuit people regarding site locations. A new relative sea-level curve developed using calibrated radiocarbon dates on marine shells and terrestrial material from archaeological sites is produced for Iqaluktuuq. Based on the data, large scale (1:50,000) paleogeography maps are presented for the period of human occupation of Iqaluktuuq, 3100 calibrated years Before Present (B.P. cal) to present, revealing how paleogeography impacts people’s settlement choices.

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Hunting Technologies and Archaeofaunas: Societal Differences Between Hunter-Gatherers of the Eastern Arctic

Cited by 11 publications

References 35 publications

Specialized sledge dogs accompanied Inuit dispersal across the North American Arctic

Specialized sledge dogs accompanied Inuit dispersal across the North American Arctic

Comparing fill and floor: A taphonomic framework for understanding depositional histories in a semi‐subterranean house in north‐west Alaska

Paleogeography of Human Settlement at Iqaluktuuq, Victoria Island, Nunavut

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