Hunting on the coast: An image gallery of Rompecráneos

Abstract

The Rompecráneo is a special kind of lithic artifact which was, presumably, involved in the capture of pinnipeds carried out along the Patagonian coast of Argentina during prehistoric times. Recent papers had offered some information about their morphology but up to now they are poorly studied. In order to offset this situation in a previous work we addressed their role in hunting technics developed at the archaeological locality of Punta Entrada (Santa Cruz, Argentina). This allowed us to propose that rompecráneos were used in combination with spears when hunting on the coast. With the aim of expanding this information, here we present an image gallery of some rompecráneos recovered there. Two of these pieces share a similar morphology but were made of different lithic raw materials. The other one has the appearance of a bola stone but its weight is higher than other bola stones in Patagonia. That is why it is considered a different kind of artifact. The importance of studying these kinds of artifacts is that they have the potential of providing information about the way people interacted with the different resources (biotic and abiotic) in the past so that a better understanding of human behavior can be developed.
 
 Gallery
 Figure 1. Geographic location of Punta Entrada.
 Figure 2. Rompecráneo made of andesite. The base can be seen in the lower part of the image. Weight: 593 g.
 Figure 3. Different view of the rompecráneo shown in Figure 2
 Figure 4. Rompecráneo made of coquina. The base can be seen in the lower part of the image. Weight: 421 g.
 Figure 5. Different view of the rompecráneo shown in Figure 3.
 Figure 6. Bola stone made of andesite. Weight:1.476 kg.
 Figure 7. Detail of the groove of the bola stone shown in Figure 6
 Figure 8. Context of recovery of bola stone presented in Figure 6.

El Conchero P 35 (Punta Entrada, Santa Cruz, Argentina): Zooarqueología Y Tecnología Ósea en La Desembocadura Del Rio Santa Cruz

“…Una de ellas es Punta Entrada, en la margen sur del río Santa Cruz, donde los depósitos fechados muestran el uso recurrente de la costa durante el lapso 2.400-800 años AP. Las investigaciones desarrolladas en esta localidad han permitido conocer aspectos relativos a temas zooarqueológicos (Borella et al 2020(Borella et al , 2022Cañete Mastrángelo y Muñoz, 2015Cruz y Ercolano, 2022;Cruz et al 2011Cruz et al , 2015aCruz et al , 2021Lobbia, 2016;Muñoz y Zárate, 2017;Muñoz et al 2013Muñoz et al , 2016Pretto, 2016), bioantropológicos (Motti et al 2019;Suby et al 2009) y tecnológicos (Buc y Cruz, 2014;Cañete Mastrángelo, 2016a, 2016b, 2019, 2021a, 2021b, 2022, 2023; entre otros), así como también tafonómicos y geoarqueológicos (Cañete Mastrángelo y Cruz, 2017;Cruz et al 2015cCruz et al , 2016Cruz et al , 2019Ercolano et al 2016;Muñoz, 2017;entre otros). A partir de estos trabajos, en los últimos años Punta Entrada ha logrado un lugar significativo en las discusiones sobre las relaciones de las poblaciones humanas con los ambientes costeros del sur de Patagonia continental.…”