Hunter-Gatherer Adaptations in Madurai Region, Tamil Nadu, India: From c. 10,000 B.P. to c. A.D. 500

Selvakumar, V.

doi:10.1353/asi.2002.0004

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The paleoclimatic and archaeological records show post-LGM (Last Glacial Maximum) wet period expansions of foragers into the region, whose interactions with later aridification-driven migrations of agriculturists have been traced [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35]. Archaeology also reveals the establishment of metallurgy [36] and river settlements [17], just several centuries prior to the creation of the earliest written records of the Sangam literature (300 BCE to 300 CE).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Differentiation of Southern Indian Male Lineages Correlates with Agricultural Expansions Predating the Caste System

et al. 2012

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Previous studies that pooled Indian populations from a wide variety of geographical locations, have obtained contradictory conclusions about the processes of the establishment of the Varna caste system and its genetic impact on the origins and demographic histories of Indian populations. To further investigate these questions we took advantage that both Y chromosome and caste designation are paternally inherited, and genotyped 1,680 Y chromosomes representing 12 tribal and 19 non-tribal (caste) endogamous populations from the predominantly Dravidian-speaking Tamil Nadu state in the southernmost part of India. Tribes and castes were both characterized by an overwhelming proportion of putatively Indian autochthonous Y-chromosomal haplogroups (H-M69, F-M89, R1a1-M17, L1-M27, R2-M124, and C5-M356; 81% combined) with a shared genetic heritage dating back to the late Pleistocene (10–30 Kya), suggesting that more recent Holocene migrations from western Eurasia contributed <20% of the male lineages. We found strong evidence for genetic structure, associated primarily with the current mode of subsistence. Coalescence analysis suggested that the social stratification was established 4–6 Kya and there was little admixture during the last 3 Kya, implying a minimal genetic impact of the Varna (caste) system from the historically-documented Brahmin migrations into the area. In contrast, the overall Y-chromosomal patterns, the time depth of population diversifications and the period of differentiation were best explained by the emergence of agricultural technology in South Asia. These results highlight the utility of detailed local genetic studies within India, without prior assumptions about the importance of Varna rank status for population grouping, to obtain new insights into the relative influences of past demographic events for the population structure of the whole of modern India.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Differentiation of Southern Indian Male Lineages Correlates with Agricultural Expansions Predating the Caste System

et al. 2012

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“…About 79% of the clinicians have accepted to advise tepid sponging to patients with fever. Previous studies have statistically proved that tepid sponging was effective on fever among children (6-12 years) [11] . There was evidence that a decrease in body temperature was observed after the application of a warm water tepid sponge compress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Trends in fever management prescriptions for pediatric patients in India

Sunil,

Nagesh

2019

Int. J. Paediatrics Geriatrics

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Background: Providing appropriate treatment for Fever is very essential in decreasing the morbidity and mortality of patients and preventing the transmission of communicable illness in communities. Hence, the quantification of the prescribing patterns through which fever is effectively managed could be a guide in healthcare system planning and a prerequisite for disease burden estimates in the future. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a multiple-response questionnaire-based survey focusing on the prevalence, clinical characteristics, management of fever, and the usage of paracetamol will be useful to improve the clinical practice of fever management. Results: About 43% of respondents treated 60-80% of their patients with plain paracetamol. Approximately 79% of the respondents advise Tepid sponging to patients with fever. Only 69% of the respondents felt that urban parents have better awareness about fever. Over 54% of the respondents reported that cough and cold are more commonly associated with fever and 29% of the respondents reported 60-80% of patients with otitis media have fever. Only 32% of the respondents prescribed antibiotics along with paracetamol to 40-60% of their patients. About 57% of respondents preferred 15 mg/kg paracetamol dosage for fever whereas 44% of the respondents preferred the paracetamol + mefenamic acid combination for high-grade fever. Conclusion: Despite the challenges in managing fever, clinicians commonly prescribe antibiotics along with Paracetamol. The results shown here can help determine the common clinical practice patterns among clinicians in the management of fever. Enumerating treatment-providing preferences, trends, and public care preferences identifies pitfalls that need to be improved in fever management guidelines.

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New Perspectives on Early Regional Interaction Networks of East African Trade: A View from Tsavo National Park, Kenya

Wright

2005

Afr Archaeol Rev

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Archaeologists are interested in understanding whether cross-cultural contact catalyzed by exchange of commodities is a means for people to acquire new technology and cultural ideas. This paper reports the results and analysis of archaeological investigations in Tsavo NationalPark, Kenya in 2001 and 2004 that have recovered evidence of indirect contact between late pastoral neolithic (PN) herders and early iron working (EIW) communities. Analysis of stylistic motifs on ceramics used by both PN and EIW people show that socially constructed notions of aesthetics are similar, implying that a strong cultural connection between the two groups may be possible. New lexico-statistical analyses and archaeological data from Tanzania corroborate that the prehistoric East African milieu was more complex than previously believed. However, pastoralists in Tsavo show no evidence of utilizing iron technology or altering their subsistence strategies among the >10,000 artifacts spanning 4,000+ years of prehistory recovered in the 2001 field season. Thus, long-distance and long-term contact between socially connected groups possessing different technological and subsistence foundations does not necessarily lead to a diffusion of new survival strategies. Les archéologues sont intéressésà comprendre la diffusion technologique et culturelle préhistorique [Les archeologues se sont interestes a comprendre la diffusion prehistorique de la technologie et de la culture]. Le contact entre les cultures catalysées par l'échange des produits est des moyens pour que les personnes acquièrent la nouvelle technologie et les idées culturelles. Cependant, le point auquel certaines idées sont acceptées ou rejetées demeure irrésolu. [Quand le contact contre-culturelle s'allie avec l'exchange de produits, les deux fournissent les nouvelles idees culturelles et technologiques aux gens. Mais, le point d D'autres 111 0263-0338/05/0900-0111/0 C 2005 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. 112 Wright données sont nécessaires pour augmenter nos compréhension de l'échange des idées entre les groupes de personnes et comment des changements de technologie. Les investigations archéologiques en parc national de Tsavo, Kenya dans 2001 ont récupéré l'évidence du contact indirect entre les bouviers néolithiques pastoraux (PN) en retard et les premières communautés du fondre de fer (EIW). L'analyse des motifs stylistiques sur la céramique utiliser par des personnes de PN et d'EIW prouvent que les notions socialement construites de l'esthétique sont semblables, impliquant qu'un raccordement culturel fort entre les deux groupes peutêtre possible. Les nouvelles analyses lexico-statistiques et les données archéologiques de Tanzanie corroborent que le milieu africain est préhistoriqueétait plus complexe que précédemment cru. Cependant, les bouviers préhistorique dans Tsavo ne montrent aucuneévidence d'utiliser la technologie de fer ou de changer leurs stratégies de subsistance parmi les >10.000 objets façonnés enjambant les années 4.000+ de la préhistoire récupérées dans la...

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Hunter-Gatherer Adaptations in Madurai Region, Tamil Nadu, India: From c. 10,000 B.P. to c. A.D. 500

Cited by 6 publications

References 45 publications

Population Differentiation of Southern Indian Male Lineages Correlates with Agricultural Expansions Predating the Caste System

Population Differentiation of Southern Indian Male Lineages Correlates with Agricultural Expansions Predating the Caste System

Trends in fever management prescriptions for pediatric patients in India

New Perspectives on Early Regional Interaction Networks of East African Trade: A View from Tsavo National Park, Kenya

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