Hunger, Anxiety, and Ritual: Deprivation and Spirit Possession Among the Gurage of Ethiopia

Shack, William A.

doi:10.2307/2798425

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Um grupo social ou a sociedade como um todo evitarão certas comidas; seu jejum seguirá formas tradicionais, será dotado de significados específicos e será sancionado pela 6 Sobre o simbolismo da alimentação, ver por exemplo: Barthes, 1975;Douglas 1972;Kahn 1986;Lévi-Strauss 1969, Meigs 1984Tambiah 1969;Verdier 1969;e Weismantel 1988. 7 Alguns exemplos bem documentados são os Gurage da Etiópia (Shack 1969;Shack 1971), Os Kalaunans da Ilha Goodenough (Young 1971(Young , 1986, Os das Ilhas Trobiandesas, Melanésia (Malinowski, 1922), Os Siriono da Bolívia (Holmberg 1969), e os Bemba do Norte da Rodésia (Richards 1939). sociedade. Os LoDagaa do norte de Gana, referidos na obra de Goody, de 1982, fazem uma cerimônia anual bagre onde uma série de proibições alimentares é posta para iniciantes e gradualmente relevada durante um período de diversas semanas (cap.…”

Section: Jejum Em Perspectiva Interculturalunclassified

Uma visão antropológica do prodigioso jejum de mulheres ocidentais

Counihan

2012

Cad. Pagu

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ResumoNo prodigioso jejum, às vezes até a morte, mulheres ocidentais expressaram uma relação específica com a comida durante quase oito séculos. Este ensaio tenta explicar esse comportamento entretecendo os finos e fascinantes dados históricos apresentados nos três livros resenhados -Holy Anorexia (BELL, 1985); Fasting Girls: The Emergence of Anorexia Nervosa as a Modern Disease (BRUMBERG, 1988) e Holy Feast and Holy Fast: The Religious Significance of Food to Medieval Women (BYNUM, 1987) -vendo-os a partir de perspectivas interculturais e totalizantes fundamentais para a antropologia. Pretendo mostrar que o jejum de mulheres ocidentais difere radicalmente de outros tipos de jejum observados por antropólogos ao redor do globo e que envolve uma alteração altamente simbólica da relação universal das mulheres com a comida. Argumento que ela pode ser mais bem compreendida como um comportamento pluri-determinado, uma combinação de fatores ideológicos, econômicos, políticos e sociais.

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Section: Jejum Em Perspectiva Interculturalunclassified

Uma visão antropológica do prodigioso jejum de mulheres ocidentais

Counihan

2012

Cad. Pagu

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“…There is, indeed, a long-standing concern in anthropology with the significance of food, particularly as a site for the interrelation of material, social, and symbolic facets of cultural life. For example, in many societies the most significant form of wealth (at least until recently) has been related to food-either food itself or the means to produce it-with the consequence that food plays a central role in constructing and representing a range of social relations (e.g., Fajans 1983;Hutchinson 1996;Kahn 1986;Young 1971), as can food scarcity (De Boeck 1994;Shack 1971). Foods often carry specific meanings owing to their intrinsic qualities (Orlove 1994), their histories (Pollock 1992), and how are they are produced, acquired, prepared, or eaten (Ohnuki-Tierney 1991).…”

Section: Consumption and Eatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although Weismantel (1988) has aptly demonstrated the ways in which a rather simple culinary vocabulary can be employed to create a symbolically rich worldview, her simple Zimbaguan peasant cuisine (comprising 79 foods) is lavish compared with the traditional, or even the contemporary, Samburu diet. It is worth considering, however, that the very paucity of food is central to its significance, as has been an important theme in analyses of food in Africa (e.g., De Boeck 1994;Shack 1971) since Richards's (1932Richards's ( , 1939 seminal study of the Bemba. Indeed, the elaborately constructed role of food in Samburu life owes much to the emphasis on eating only particular foods, within a system of drylands pastoralism in which seasonal hunger is a common feature.…”

Section: Consumption and Eatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tea's status as both global commodity and indigenized food is particularly striking because Samburu place pronounced importance on eating practices in constructing a diffuse range of identities and social relations and have commensurately been extremely circumspect about changes in this area. Consequently, in analyzing the Samburu adoption of tea, I consider it as both commodity and food and situate this study within a long-standing but increasingly rich literature that illuminates food's simultaneous centrality to economic, social, and symbolic systems (De Boeck 1994;Goody 1982;Kahn 1986;Meigs 1984;Ohnuki-Tierney 1991;Richards 1932Richards ,1939Shack 1971). Recent studies have demonstrated that the multifaeeted significance of food renders it a particularly salient lens through which to understand the expression of broader politicaleconomic forces within the everyday routines of local communities (Counihan 1984;Plotnicov and Scaglion 1999;Mintz 1985Mintz ,1996Weismantel 1988;Weiss 1996).…”

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confidence: 99%

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In a cup of tea: Commodities and history among Samburu pastoralists in northern Kenya

Holtzman

2003

American Ethnologist

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In this article, I explore the 20th‐century history of Samburu pastoralists through the lens of a particular beverage, tea. In classic anthropological analyses, "drug foods" such as tea have been taken as emblematic of the spread of global capitalism. Tea, however, is a rare example of a commodity that Samburu have adopted as a central component of a self‐defined "traditional" culture specifically counterposed to change. Tracing historical transformations in practices and meanings associated with tea use, I consider both the processes underlying its acceptance and their import in explicating broader processes through which Samburu agents have negotiated contexts of change. [Kenya, consumption, pastoralism, food, tea, history]

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“…Additionally, Maslow's theory is limited in explaining the interplay of needs in specific environments; for example, some tribal groups in Ethiopia face great uncertainty in the quest for food, so they utilise magic and spiritual practices, seeking spiritual peak experiences, to help them cope with the anxiety caused by the satisfaction, or not, of hunger (Shack, 1971). However, according to Maslow (1943Maslow ( , 1954, this should not occur because food is a basic physiological need and seeking spiritual peak experiences is a form of self-actualisation; therefore, individuals who cannot achieve basic physiological needs are not capable of fulfilling selfactualisation needs.…”

Section: The Need For Pedagogical Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

The acquisition of pedagogical expertise in dance : a constraints-led approach

Rodrigues¹

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The aim of this PhD research program was to explore the acquisition of pedagogical expertise in dance teachers. A review of the literature on dance pedagogy and expertise revealed three limitations in relation to dance teachers' pedagogical development. First, the literature suggested that a dancer's transition to teacher was traditionally based on replication of previous teachers' behaviours.Second, the literature additionally identified that there appears to be a tendency within the dance field to accept as dance teachers those who have rich and varied experiences as expert dance performers; although they may have little pedagogical knowledge and experience. Thirdly, there is not a unified theoretical consensus on how to analyse the acquisition of pedagogical expertise in dance teachers.The majority of theoretical approaches to dance pedagogy have been based on traditional information processing theory and within the theoretical framework of cognitive psychology. This latter approach can be viewed as limited because of its exclusive focus on the individual and neglect of important ecology influencing an individual's behaviour. Some promising research in the dance and sport literature has theorised individuals as dynamical systems performing in their ecologies. The ecological dynamics theoretical approach is multidisciplinary in nature and allows theorisation of a range of factors in human performance systems, such as those found in dance. Within this approach, the constraints-led theoretical framework allows analysis of environmental, task, and individual factors. Given the lack of prior research in the field and the variety of dance experience to be studied, it was concluded that combining the constraints-led theoretical framework with a qualitative approach would be appropriate to undertake a retrospective investigation of the potential constraints influencing the acquisition of pedagogical expertise. The following research questions (RQs) guided the general enquiry. This research project included an initial data-driven thematic analysis followed by a theory-driven thematic analysis. In other words, both inductive and deductive thematic analyses were conducted and, after extensive analysis and refinement, the interpretation of rich data concerning participants' life experiences, allowed for the identification of five major themes that influenced their acquisition of pedagogical expertise. These themes were then mapped into the constraints-led theoretical framework as environmental constraints (mentors, role models, and students); task constraints (rules); and individual constraints (needs). These environmental constraints were then explored with reference to previous research related to each specific theme (i.e., mentors, role models, students, rules, and needs) as well as with reference to empirical research and the theoretical principles of the constraints-led theoretical framework.The results of this research study provide theoretical as well as potential practical contributions to the fields of e...

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Hunger, Anxiety, and Ritual: Deprivation and Spirit Possession Among the Gurage of Ethiopia

Cited by 24 publications

References 9 publications

Uma visão antropológica do prodigioso jejum de mulheres ocidentais

Uma visão antropológica do prodigioso jejum de mulheres ocidentais

In a cup of tea: Commodities and history among Samburu pastoralists in northern Kenya

The acquisition of pedagogical expertise in dance : a constraints-led approach

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