Hungarian dimensional stones: an overview

Török, Ákos

doi:10.1127/1860-1804/2007/0158-0361

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The studied Hungarian limestone (Hu_R) is a red Jurassic carbonate (ammonitico rosso type). The limestone is quarried in Gerecse Mountains and has been used in monuments and structures since the Roman period (Török 2007). Ammonites moulds and red clayey nodules are common.…”

Section: The Studied Stonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of stylolites on the deterioration of limestone: possible mechanisms of damage evolution

2018

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This study presents five different lithotypes of limestone containing stylolites and commonly used as dimension stones in Egypt, Hungary and Israel. All the studied limestones are generally hard, dense, with high degree of cementation and have high strength and low porosity. Stylolites are small tooth-like irregular surfaces most often developed on the carbonate-rich stones. Insoluble particles, i.e., organic matter, oxides and clays are usually incorporated within the stylolitic planes. The presence of stylolites and their filling materials generally has a large effect on the physical and mechanical properties of the host stones. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the damage mechanism of different stylolitic limestones and to understand the role of the clay in the deterioration of these stones. Hundred cube samples (2 cm) of all the studied limestones were subjected to 500 thermal cycles (10-70 °C) and 20 cube samples (3 cm) of a grey Israeli limestone with high open porosity were subjected to multiple wet/dry cycles. The changes in mass, strength, and ultrasound V p velocity, were measured to follow any damage that happened due to cycling. The thermal cycling was proved to be an effective deterioration mechanism of both Egyptian and Hungarian lithotypes. The response of Israel grey lithotype to the wet/dry cycling was clearly shown by the splitting of the tested samples through the stylolite planes and the sharp decrease of their strength.

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Section: The Studied Stonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of stylolites on the deterioration of limestone: possible mechanisms of damage evolution

2018

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“…These types of stones have been chosen because they are used widely and they have very different physical and chemical properties. The tested natural stones are widely used in buildings and structures as dimension and ornamental stones in Hungary [16][17]. Except for Carrara marble from Italy and Mauthausen granite from Austria, the tested 6 other stone types were obtained from Hungarian quarries.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Exhaust Gas on Natural Stone Tablets, a Laboratory Experiment

Farkas

Török

2018

Period. Polytech. Civil Eng.

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8 different natural stone types were exposed to exhaust gas under laboratory conditions to assess urban stone damage. 3 cm in diameter cylindrical test specimens were made from travertine, non-porous limestone, limestone, rhyolite tuff, sandstone, andesite, granite and marble. The samples were exposed for 1, 2, 4 and 8 hours to exhaust gas that was generated by compression ignition internal combustion engine. The exhaust emission was measured. The operating conditions of the engine were documented and several parameters (weight, density, ultrasonic pulse velocity, capillary water absorption, porosity) were measured before and after exhaust gas exposure. The tests indicate that despite the deposition of soot on the surface a significant material loss was recorded at rhyolite tuff (2m%) and at andesite (1m%). The penetration depth of soot was also different for different lithologies. A correlation was found between the ultrasonic pulse velocity and density of tested stones.

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“…In Northern Hungary, acid tuffs have been exploited since the Middle Ages and used as building and carving stones for numerous public and private works: monumental construction such as churches and castles, Ottoman architectures like mosques and spas, common dwellings, etc. [1]. Tuff outcrops, carved or excavated, were also adapted into cave houses, or became sites for ritual practices or burials like the "beehive stones", or hosted cellars for storing the prestigious local wine [2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Weathering of Tuffs: Compositional and Microstructural Changes in the Building Stones of the Medieval Castles of Hungary

Germinario

Török

2020

Minerals

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Volcanic tuffs have a historical tradition of usage in Northern Hungary as dimension stones for monumental construction, Ottoman architecture, common dwellings, etc., admirable at its best in the medieval castles of Eger and Sirok. This research explores tuff deterioration in the castle walls, dealing with the mineralogical composition, microstructure, trace-element geochemistry, and microporosity of the surface weathering products and the near-surface stone substrate. The classic microscopic and mineralogical techniques–optical microscopy, SEM-EDS, and XRD–were supported by ICP-MS and nitrogen adsorption analyses. The textures and mineral assemblages of the tuffs are partly diverse, and so are the weathering characteristics, although including common features such as secondary crystallization of gypsum, swelling clay minerals, and iron oxides-hydroxides; deposition of airborne pollutants, i.e., carbon particles and heavy metals; formation of crusts and patinas; decreased surface microporosity. Nonetheless, the entity of deterioration varies, in relation to air pollution–involving changing emissions from road and rail transport–and the specific tuff texture, porosity, and durability–affecting pollutant absorption. The studied stone monuments offer the possibility to examine materials with analogue composition and petrogenesis but utilized in different environmental contexts, which allow pointing out the environmental and lithological constraints and cause-effect relationships related to surface weathering.

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Hungarian dimensional stones: an overview

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

The effect of stylolites on the deterioration of limestone: possible mechanisms of damage evolution

The effect of stylolites on the deterioration of limestone: possible mechanisms of damage evolution

Effect of Exhaust Gas on Natural Stone Tablets, a Laboratory Experiment

Surface Weathering of Tuffs: Compositional and Microstructural Changes in the Building Stones of the Medieval Castles of Hungary

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