Humusica 1, article 4: Terrestrial humus systems and forms — Specific terms and diagnostic horizons

Forest conversion to conifers induces a regime shift in soil process domain affecting carbon stability

“…The total forest floor mass equals the sum of the three separate layers. Vegetation and humus types were described according to Braun-Blanquet (1964) and Zanella et al (2014) respectively.…”

Bioindicators and nutrient availability through whole soil profile under orange groves after long-term different organic fertilizations

“…The sequence of genetic horizons (Ap (rhiA+maA)-AB-Bw-BC-C) was determined following both Zanella et al [36,37] and Soil Survey Staff [29], and it was the same throughout all soil profiles within the experimental site. For example, rhiA horizon in CM treatment was 12 cm in depth, and it had a sub-angular blocky structure and was well permeated by roots, mainly belonging to the spontaneous herbaceous vegetation (Fig.…”

Humusica 1, article 2: Essential bases—Functional considerations

“…Observing the topsoil of different terrestrial ecosystems in Europe, five main humus systems have been pointed out and called Mull, Moder, Mor, Amphi, and Tangel (Zanella et al, 2011a, b;Jabiol et al, 2013). A key of classification, based on characters of diagnostic horizons, allows us to identify humus systems in the field.…”