Humoral, mucosal, and cellular immune responses to oral Norwalk virus-like particles in volunteers

Tacket, Carol O.; Sztein, Marcelo B.; Losonsky, Genevieve A.; Wasserman, Steven S.; Estes, Mary K.

doi:10.1016/s1521-6616(03)00120-7

Cited by 213 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In this study, we used viral load measurements from IID cases in the Study of Infectious Intestinal Disease in England to improve estimates of the incidence of norovirus-associated IID in the community and leading to general practice consultations. Accurate estimates of norovirus-associated IID incidence at the community level are essential for understanding the introduction of norovirus into health-care settings, where outbreaks cause substantial economic burden and service disruption (10), and for informing potential vaccination programs (11,12).…”

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confidence: 99%

Prevalence and characteristics of asymptomatic norovirus infection in the community in England

et al. 2010

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Existing estimates of the incidence of infectious intestinal disease (IID) caused by norovirus are based on electron microscopy or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Neither method accurately represents norovirus disease burden: Electron microscopy has poor diagnostic sensitivity, and RT-PCR has poor diagnostic specificity. In this study, viral load measurements were used to identify cases of norovirus-associated IID and to produce new incidence estimates for England. IID cases were ascertained in the Study of Infectious Intestinal Disease in England (1993England ( -1996, and stool specimens were tested by semiquantitative real-time RT-PCR for norovirus. The age-adjusted community incidence of norovirus-associated IID was 4.5/100 person-years (95% credibility interval: 3.8, 5.2), equating to 2 million episodes/year. Among children aged less than 5 years, the community incidence was 21.4/100 person-years (95% credibility interval: 15.9, 27.7), and the incidence of consultations to general practitioners for norovirus-associated IID was 3.2/100 person-years (95% credibility interval: 2.6, 3.8), with 100,000 children visiting their general practitioner for norovirus-associated IID each year. Norovirus is the most common cause of IID in the community in England and is responsible for a similar number of pediatric primary care consultations as rotavirus.England; gastroenteritis; incidence; Monte Carlo method; Norovirus; primary health care; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction Abbreviations: IID, infectious intestinal disease; ROC, receiver operating characteristic; RT-PCR, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.

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confidence: 99%

Prevalence and characteristics of asymptomatic norovirus infection in the community in England

et al. 2010

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“…This study differs from others in that IM administration of this bivalent vaccine resulted in higher serum ab responses as compared to the oral or intranasal route. 80,104 HBGA blocking titer was also high and suggested by authors to protect from HuNoV gastroenteritis.…”

Section: Human Trialsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The role of CD4 C Th1 T cell responses against NoVs has been previously addressed. 96,104 The same group previously demonstrated that multivalent vaccination could be used as a tool to generate cross-reactive antibody immune responses to heterologous strains of NoV. 105 Decreased viral load following MNV challenge correlated with reduction in clinical disease but not protection.…”

Section: Animal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many of these trials use the VLP system that proved safe and immunogenic in animals and humans. 123 The safety and the immunogenicity of NoV GI.1 VLP were studied by Tacket et al 104 Healthy adult volunteers between 18 and 40 y of age received increasing doses of NoV VLP on day 1 and day 21. The vaccine was administered orally.…”

Section: Human Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both oral and intranasal modes of immunization elicited ab responses post vaccination (Table 2). 80,104,[123][124][125] Moreover, the intramuscular administration of candidate vaccines containing GI and GII strains stimulated strong immune responses against the vaccine genotype. 129,130 Human challenge studies 77,96 as well as vaccine studies (Table 2) tested the ability of different vaccine formulas to generate cross-reactive immune responses to account for the diversity of the circulating HuNoV strains.…”

Section: Human Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Norovirus vaccines: Correlates of protection, challenges and limitations

Melhem

2016

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Norovirus (NoV) is responsible for at least 50% of all gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. NoVs are classified into 6 different genogroups (GGI-GGVI) based on the viral capsid protein with NoV genogroup II genotype 4 (GII.4) being the predominant strain causing human diseases. Supportive therapy involving reversal of dehydration and electrolyte deficiency is the main treatment of NoV gastroenteritis. However, the worldwide increased recognition of NoV as an important agent of diarrheal gastroenteritis prompted researchers to focus on establishing preventive strategies conferring long-lasting immunity. This review describes the current status of animal and human vaccine models/studies targeting NoV and addresses the factors hampering the development of a broadly effective vaccine.

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New Vaccine Technologies

Nataro¹,

Levine²

2010

Topley &Amp; Wilson's Microbiology and Microbial Infections

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Humoral, mucosal, and cellular immune responses to oral Norwalk virus-like particles in volunteers

Cited by 213 publications

References 27 publications

Prevalence and characteristics of asymptomatic norovirus infection in the community in England

Prevalence and characteristics of asymptomatic norovirus infection in the community in England

Norovirus vaccines: Correlates of protection, challenges and limitations

New Vaccine Technologies

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