Humoral, Mucosal, and Cell-Mediated Immunity Against Vaccine and Nonvaccine Genotypes After Administration of Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine to HIV-Infected Children

Abstract

Three QHPV doses generated robust and persistent antibodies to HPV6, 11, and 16 but comparatively weaker responses to HPV18. A fourth dose increased antibodies against all vaccine genotypes in an anamnestic fashion. CTLs and mucosal antibodies against vaccine genotypes, as well as cross-reactive antibodies and CTL against nonvaccine genotypes, were detected.

Comparison of the immunogenicity of Cervarix®and Gardasil®human papillomavirus vaccines for oncogenic non-vaccine serotypes HPV-31, HPV-33, and HPV-45 in HIV-infected adults

“…30 We cannot directly compare the anti-HPV-31 titers in our study to those previously observed in HIV-infected children because Weinberg et al used a competitive Luminex immunoassay and hence reported antibody concentrations in milli-Merck units. 29 In our study, HPV-31 antibody titers reached the same magnitude as those derived from natural infection whereas HPV-33 and -45 titers only reached half that level. Whether higher antibody titers provide improved clinical cross-protection remains unanswered.…”

“…28 Recently, it has been demonstrated that Gardasil ® induces HPV-31 cross-neutralizing antibodies in HIV-infected children. 29 The potential induction of HPV-33 and -45 cross-neutralizing antibodies from Gardasil ® and Cervarix ® vaccination has never been investigated in HIV-infected individuals.…”

Vaccination against oncogenic human papillomavirus infection in HIV-infected populations: review of current status and future perspectives

“…Antibody geometric mean titres for HPV-6 and -18 were 30-50% lower compared with an HIV-negative age-matched historical comparator group. Weinberg et al 32 later published additional immunogenicity data from the trial described above, comparing the immunogenicity of a four-vaccine schedule to the standard three vaccines regimen. Vaccines were administered at 0, 8, 24 and 96 weeks in a four-vaccine group whereas study participants in a deferred three-dose arm received a placebo at 0, 8 and 24 weeks, and vaccinations at 96, 100 and 124 weeks.…”

“…So far, safety and immunogenicity data are only available for the quadrivalent HPV vaccine in HIV-infected preadolescent children. 31,32 Including a fourth vaccine dose at 96 weeks increased the immune responses significantly and could be considered for HIV-positive preadolescents, particularly among those who are not on ART at the time of primary immunisation or have low CD4 + cell counts. 32,33,41 However, a fourth dose may not be necessary in most cases.…”

“…31,32 Including a fourth vaccine dose at 96 weeks increased the immune responses significantly and could be considered for HIV-positive preadolescents, particularly among those who are not on ART at the time of primary immunisation or have low CD4 + cell counts. 32,33,41 However, a fourth dose may not be necessary in most cases. Recent data from immunocompetent young women suggest that two doses, or even one dose, of the bivalent HPV vaccine, could be as efficacious as three doses in protecting against persistent HPV-16 and -18 infections.…”