Humoral Mediators of Remote Ischemic Conditioning: Important Role of eNOS/NO/Nitrite

Hess, David C.; Hoda, M. N.; Khan, Mohammad M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-18497-5_8

Cited by 29 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Subsequently, non-invasive applications of IC have been investigated and the benefits of RIC have been illuminated; that is, inducing ischemia in a healthy limb stimulates endogenous protective pathways (Iadecola and Anrather, 2011) that are transferable from one organ to another distant organ (Bøtker et al, 2010; Davies et al, 2013; Sloth et al, 2014). RIC involves the repetitive inflation and deflation of a BP cuff placed around a limb at pressures above SBP (Hess D. C. et al, 2016). …”

Section: Remote Limb Ischemia To Affect Distant Organsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whilst the mechanisms involved in the remote signaling and in the stimulation of endogenous pathways to facilitate protective responses and structural changes in distant organs are not fully understood, evidence obtained through animal models and clinical trials supports a number of mechanisms involving; blood borne factors (Shimizu et al, 2009; Koch, 2010; Koch et al, 2014; Hess D. C. et al, 2016) induced by peripheral nerves (Jensen et al, 2012; Redington et al, 2012), epigenetic modulations of the genome (Stowell et al, 2010; Brand and Ratan, 2013; Thompson et al, 2015), and immune and anti-inflammatory responses (Konstantinov et al, 2004). Consequently, it is the interaction of blood borne and neuronal factors that are postulated to both initiate and transmit these signals to the brain.…”

Section: Remote Limb Ischemia To Affect Distant Organsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The precise mechanism(s) of the anti-hypertensive effect(s) of isometric exercise remain unclear, however, with blood borne factors postulated as one of the mechanism involved in the remote signaling and stimulation of endogenous protective pathways in RIC techniques (Shimizu et al, 2009; Koch, 2010; Koch et al, 2014; Hess D. C. et al, 2016), it could be the case that for IET the initial stimulus is repeated exposure to transient increases in blood flow (reactive hyperemia) that result after short periods of ischemia. Edwards et al (2007) suggest that reduced peripheral vascular resistance facilitated via neurohormonal and structural adaptations might also explain the antihypertensive effects of exercise.…”

Section: Isometric Exercise Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isometric Exercise Training for Managing Vascular Risk Factors in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease

Hess

Smart

2017

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia diagnosed amongst the elderly. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a condition often indicative of the earliest symptomatology of AD with 10%–15% of MCI patients reportedly progressing to a diagnosis of AD. Individuals with a history of vascular risk factors (VRF’s) are considered high risk candidates for developing cognitive impairment in later life. Evidence suggests that vascular injury resulting from untreated VRF’s promotes progression from MCI to AD and exacerbates the severity of dementia in AD, and neuroimaging studies have found that the neurodegenerative processes associated with AD are heavily driven by VRF’s that promote cerebral hypoperfusion. Subsequently, common links between vascular disorders such as hypertension and neurodegenerative disorders such as AD include compromised vasculature, cerebral hypoperfusion and chronic low grade inflammation (a hallmark of both hypertension and AD). Exercise has been demonstrated to be an effective intervention for blood pressure management, chronic low grade inflammation and improvements in cognition. Data from recent analyses suggests that isometric exercise training (IET) may improve vascular integrity and elicit blood pressure reductions in hypertensives greater than those seen with dynamic aerobic and resistance exercise. IET may also play an effective role in the management of VRF’s at the MCI stage of AD and may prove to be a significant strategy in the prevention, attenuation or delay of progression to AD. A plausible hypothesis is that the reactive hyperemia stimulated by IET initiates a cascade of vascular, neurotrophic and neuro-endocrine events that lead to improvements in cognitive function.

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Section: Remote Limb Ischemia To Affect Distant Organsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Remote Limb Ischemia To Affect Distant Organsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Isometric Exercise Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isometric Exercise Training for Managing Vascular Risk Factors in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease

Hess

Smart

2017

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…Our pCASL measurement specifically assesses cortical blood flow(35). Although CASL depends for its calculation on “arterial transit time”(36, 37) -- a variable related mathematically to MFV -- its final output of cortical blood flow is influenced by distinct physiological variables such as cortical blood volume,(16) collateral patterns,(38) cortical network connectivity,(39) and local neurotransmitter effects(40, 41). Impaired cortical flow may thus have functional implications for the cortex that are distinct from the non-specific reduced flow velocity identified by TCD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociation among hemodynamic measures in asymptomatic high grade carotid artery stenosis

Marshall

Pavol

Cheung

et al. 2016

Journal of the Neurological Sciences

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Background Cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation is a critical element in cerebrovascular pathophysiology, particularly in large vessel disease, but the best method to use for hemodynamic assessment is not clear. We examined 4 different blood-flow related measures in patients with unilateral high-grade carotid artery disease, assessing asymmetry between the occluded vs non-occluded side, and the correlations among the measures. Methods Thirty-three patients (age 50-93, 19M) with unilateral 80-100% ICA occlusion but no stroke underwent: 1) mean flow velocity (MFV) in both middle cerebral arteries by transcranial Doppler (TCD), 2) quantitative resting CBF using pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) MRI, 3) Vasomotor reactivity (VMR) in response to 5% CO2 inhalation, and 4) Dynamic cerebral autoregulation (DCA) assessing the counter-regulation of blood flow to spontaneous changes in blood pressure using TCD monitoring and finger photoplethysmography. Paired T-tests and Pearson correlations assessed side-to-side differences within each measure, and correlations between measures. Results CBF (p=.001), MFV (p<.001), VMR (p=.008), and DCA (p=.047) all showed significantly lower values on the occluded side. The 4 measures were independent of each other on correlation analysis, even when controlling for age and anterior circle of Willis collateral (all partial correlations <.233 and p-values >.468). Conclusions These 4 measures showed high sensitivity to the occluded carotid artery, but their dissociation suggests that any given measure only partially characterizes the hemodynamic state. Additional research is needed to explore the multifaceted biology of cerebral blood flow regulation.

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“…The authors concluded that NO is a reliable candidate in mediating the neuroprotective effects of ischemic postconditioning. Nitrite is a key circulating mediator of RIC and may be a mediator of increased CBF and cytoprotection via its effects on nitrosylation of mitochondrial proteins, such as complex I [47]. …”

Section: Neuroprotective Effects Of Ischemic Postconditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Experimental and Clinical Findings regarding the Neuroprotective Effects of Cerebral Ischemic Postconditioning

Feng

Deng

et al. 2017

BioMed Research International

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Research on attenuating the structural and functional deficits observed following ischemia-reperfusion has become increasingly focused on the therapeutic potential of ischemic postconditioning. In recent years, various methods and animal models of ischemic postconditioning have been utilized. The results of these numerous studies have indicated that the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of ischemic postconditioning may involve reductions in the generation of free radicals and inhibition of calcium overload, as well as the release of endogenous active substances, alterations in membrane channel function, and activation of protein kinases. Here we review the novel discovery, mechanism, key factors, and clinical application of ischemic postconditioning and discuss its implications for future research and problem of clinical practice.

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Humoral Mediators of Remote Ischemic Conditioning: Important Role of eNOS/NO/Nitrite

Cited by 29 publications

References 28 publications

Isometric Exercise Training for Managing Vascular Risk Factors in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease

Isometric Exercise Training for Managing Vascular Risk Factors in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease

Dissociation among hemodynamic measures in asymptomatic high grade carotid artery stenosis

Overview of Experimental and Clinical Findings regarding the Neuroprotective Effects of Cerebral Ischemic Postconditioning

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