Humoral Immunogenicity of Three COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Doses in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Abstract

Summary: Herein, we evaluated the humoral immunogenicity of a third COVID-19 mRNA vaccine dose in patients with IBD. All patients were seropositive and had higher antibody concentrations after the third dose than after completion of the two-dose primary series.

Booster COVID-19 Vaccines for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Disease Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Efficacy and Safety

“…The screening process is illustrated in the PRISMA flowchart in Figure 1 . Of these studies, there were 12 observational studies [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ], one randomised-controlled trial [ 33 ], and four case series [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. The key trial characteristics of each included study are reported in Table 1 , with a comparison of the characteristics of the studies included in the meta-analysis in Table S2 .…”

“…COVID-19 booster vaccines administered in the studies included mRNA (Pfizer-BioNTech, BNT162b2 and Moderna, mRNA-1273) [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ], non-replicating viral vector (AstraZeneca, AZD1222 and Janssen, Ad26.COV2.S) [ 21 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ], protein subunit (Novavax, NVX-CoV2373) [ 33 ] and inactivated (Sinovac, CoronaVac) vaccines [ 35 ]. Bonelli et al involved two cohorts receiving mRNA vaccines as the primary series, but one received heterologous AstraZeneca booster doses while the other received homologous mRNA boosters [ 29 ].…”

“…Schmiedeberg et al [ 22 ] and Jyssum et al [ 24 ] included only patients with RA while Felten et al [ 36 ] included mostly RA patients and one patient with stiff-person syndrome. Schell et al [ 23 ] included only IBD patients, and Kant et al [ 37 ] and Speer et al [ 25 ] only antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) vasculitis patients. Achtnichts et al [ 30 ] included patients with only MS.…”

Cell-Mediated Immune Response after COVID 19 Vaccination in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

“…The primary outcome was the CMIR to mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in patients with IBD. The secondary outcomes were a comparison of the (1) CMIR in patients with IBD and HC and (2) CMIR and humoral immune response in all participants. (See Supplementary Methods for full details of measurement of humoral immune response, CMIR to SARS-CoV2 spike protein, and statistical analysis).…”

“…(1) Several studies have demonstrated that the majority of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (95-99%) are able to achieve a measurable antibody response after the two-dose mRNA vaccine primary series, and 100% have a measurable antibody response after three doses. (2-5) Those who were less likely to seroconvert were older in age, received the BNT162b2 vaccine, and be on combination therapy with an anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF)-alpha inhibitor and an immunomodulator. (3-5)…”