Humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal coronaviruses in children and adults in north-eastern France

Woudenberg, Tom; Pelleau, Stéphane; Anna, François; Attia, Mikaël; Donnadieu, Françoise; Gravet, Alain; Lohmann, C.; Seraphin, Hélène; Guihéneuf, Raphaël; Delamare, Catherine; Stéfic, Karl; Marlet, Julien; Brochot, Étienne; Castelain, Sandrine; Augereau, Olivier; Sibilia, Jean; Dubos, François; Meddour, Damia; Guen, Christèle Gras‐Le; Coste‐Burel, Marianne; Imbert-Marcille, Berthe-Marie; Chauviré-Drouard, Anne; Schweitzer, Cyril; Gatin, A.; Lomazzi, Sandra; Joulié, A.; Haas, H.; Cantais, Aymeric; Bertholon, Frederique; Chinazzo-Vigouroux, Marie-France; Abdallah, Mohamed Si; Arowas, Laurence; Charneau, Pierre; Hoën, Bruno; Demeret, Caroline; Werf, Sylvie van der; Fontanet, Arnaud; White, Michael T.

doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103495

Cited by 55 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, cross-reactive binding to the S protein was concentrated on highly conserved regions of hCoVs, especially the S2 subunit, which is consistent with higher degrees of homology in the S2 subunit than in the S1 among human CoVs (25,26). Based on prior literature, it is speculated that these cross-reactive antibody responses might be generated by prior exposure to human CoVs (27). To facilitate the analysis, the signal intensities were logarithmically processed and compared.…”

Section: Impact Of Pre-existing Cross-reactive Antibodies On Covid-19 Vaccine-induced Neutralizationmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Also, Focosi et al showed an association between previous humoral immunity to NL63 and 229E and worse clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients (21). Other studies have suggested that pre-existing immunity to sCoVs may not be related to COVID-19 severity or protection at all (17,27,35). Currently, few studies have provided evidence for an impact of pre-existing cross-reactive antibodies on inactivated COVID-19 vaccineinduced neutralization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pre-Existing Cross-Reactive Antibody Responses Do Not Significantly Impact Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Neutralization

et al. 2021

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Recent exposure to seasonal coronaviruses (sCoVs) may stimulate cross-reactive antibody responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, previous studies have produced divergent results regarding protective or damaging immunity induced by prior sCoV exposure. It remains unknown whether pre-existing humoral immunity plays a role in vaccine-induced neutralization and antibody responses. In this study, we collected 36 paired sera samples from 36 healthy volunteers before and after immunization with inactivated whole-virion SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for COVID-19, and analyzed the distribution and intensity of pre-existing antibody responses at the epitope level pre-vaccination as well as the relationship between pre-existing sCoV immunity and vaccine-induced neutralization. We observed large amounts of pre-existing cross-reactive antibodies in the conserved regions among sCoVs, especially the S2 subunit. Excep t for a few peptides, the IgG and IgM fluorescence intensities against S, M and N peptides did not differ significantly between pre-vaccination and post-vaccination sera of vaccinees who developed a neutralization inhibition rate (%inhibition) <40 and %inhibition ≥40 after two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. Participants with strong and weak pre-existing cross-reactive antibodies (strong pre-CRA; weak pre-CRA) had similar %inhibition pre-vaccination (10.9% ± 2.9% vs. 12.0% ± 2.2%, P=0.990) and post-vaccination (43.8% ± 25.1% vs. 44.6% ± 21.5%, P=0.997). Overall, the strong pre-CRA group did not show a significantly greater increase in antibody responses to the S protein linear peptides post-vaccination compared with the weak pre-CRA group. Therefore, we found no evidence for a significant impact of pre-existing antibody responses on inactivated vaccine-induced neutralization and antibody responses. Our research provides an important basis for inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine use in the context of high sCoV seroprevalence.

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Section: Impact Of Pre-existing Cross-reactive Antibodies On Covid-19 Vaccine-induced Neutralizationmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-Existing Cross-Reactive Antibody Responses Do Not Significantly Impact Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Neutralization

et al. 2021

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“…Among Sierra Leonian blood samples tested in neutralization assays, approximately Conflicting results have been obtained regarding whether pre-existing humoral immunity induced by infection with seasonal coronaviruses confers protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 severity. Whereas some studies have found that pre-existing immunity against endemic human coronaviruses was not associated with protection against SARS-CoV-2 infections or hospitalizations [13,42], another study found mitigation of disease manifestations [12]. On the other extreme, the presence of antibodies against NL63 and 229E N was correlated with increased clinical severity in another study [47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Prior studies have demonstrated the potential for infections with seasonal coronaviruses to induce cross-reactive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Antibodies to seasonal hCoVs and the betacoronaviruses MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV can cross-react with various SARS-CoV-2 antigens [41][42][43]. Anderson et al [13] found that 4% of serum samples collected in 2017 contained antibodies that reacted to SARS-CoV-2 S, 1% reacted to RBD, and 16% reacted to N. Titers of these antibodies were boosted upon SARS-CoV-2 infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Reactive Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV in Pre-COVID-19 Blood Samples from Sierra Leoneans

Borrega

Nelson

Koval

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Many countries in sub-Saharan Africa have experienced lower COVID-19 caseloads and fewer deaths than countries in other regions worldwide. Under-reporting of cases and a younger population could partly account for these differences, but pre-existing immunity to coronaviruses is another potential factor. Blood samples from Sierra Leonean Lassa fever and Ebola survivors and their contacts collected before the first reported COVID-19 cases were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the presence of antibodies binding to proteins of coronaviruses that infect humans. Results were compared to COVID-19 subjects and healthy blood donors from the United States. Prior to the pandemic, Sierra Leoneans had more frequent exposures than Americans to coronaviruses with epitopes that cross-react with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), SARS-CoV, and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The percentage of Sierra Leoneans with antibodies reacting to seasonal coronaviruses was also higher than for American blood donors. Serological responses to coronaviruses by Sierra Leoneans did not differ by age or sex. Approximately a quarter of Sierra Leonian pre-pandemic blood samples had neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus, while about a third neutralized MERS-CoV pseudovirus. Prior exposures to coronaviruses that induce cross-protective immunity may contribute to reduced COVID-19 cases and deaths in Sierra Leone.

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“…Cross-reactive antibodies are defined as antibodies that, despite being directed against a specific antigen, may have an affinity against one or more unrelated antigens. Some studies have suggested that exposure to other strains of coronavirus (e.g., human seasonal coronavirus, hCOV) can promote an immune response against SARS-CoV-2; however, the preliminary results in children showed that, although the antibodies produced against hCOV are capable of successfully binding to SARS-CoV-2, this does not induce the immune response [ 71 ]. Other investigations have focused their attention on studying this same effect induced by vaccines such as DTP, in which results have been found that could enrich the explanation of the low incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in children and young people, as well as the variability of the deaths in specific populations [ 72 ].…”

Section: Ace2 In Lung Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) in the Context of Respiratory Diseases and Its Importance in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection

et al. 2021

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Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an 805 amino acid protein encoded by the ACE2 gene expressed in various human cells, especially in those located in the epithelia. The primary function of ACE2 is to produce angiotensin (1–7) from angiotensin II (Ang II). The current research has described the importance of ACE2 and Ang (1–7) in alternative routes of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) that promote the downregulation of fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress processes in a great variety of diseases, such as hypertension, acute lung injury, liver cirrhosis, and kidney abnormalities. Investigations into the recent outbreak of the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have revealed the importance of ACE2 during infection and its role in recognizing viral binding proteins through interactions with specific amino acids of this enzyme. Additionally, the ACE2 expression in several organs has allowed us to understand the clinical picture related to the infection caused by SARS-CoV-2. This review aims to provide context for the functions and importance of ACE2 with regards to SARS-CoV-2 in the general clinical aspect and its impact on other diseases, especially respiratory diseases.

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Humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal coronaviruses in children and adults in north-eastern France

Cited by 55 publications

References 43 publications

Pre-Existing Cross-Reactive Antibody Responses Do Not Significantly Impact Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Neutralization

Pre-Existing Cross-Reactive Antibody Responses Do Not Significantly Impact Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Neutralization

Cross-Reactive Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV in Pre-COVID-19 Blood Samples from Sierra Leoneans

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) in the Context of Respiratory Diseases and Its Importance in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection

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