Humoral immune responses to Streptococcus pneumoniae in the setting of HIV-1 infection

Zhang, Lumin; Li, Zihai; Wan, Zhuang; Kilby, Andrew; Kilby, J Michael; Jiang, Wei

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.06.077

Cited by 25 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 162 publications

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“…inoculation, 2 wk after rifampicin treatment we measured pneumococcal-specific Abs in sera, lung homogenates, and BALF samples that should reflect both local and systemic Ab responses. Ag-specifc IgG and IgA ELISA (see Materials and Methods) were performed using either Ag heat-killed TIGR4 bacteria, purified PPS (the basis of a current antipneumococcal [Pneumovax] vaccine that elicits a protective T cell–independent Ab response) (47), or PC, a component of the pneumococcal cell wall (1). For serum and lung homogenate titers, sera from mice immunized i.p.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasopharyngeal Exposure to Streptococcus pneumoniae Induces Extended Age-Dependent Protection against Pulmonary Infection Mediated by Antibodies and CD138+ Cells

Ghanem

Maung

Siwapornchai

et al. 2018

The Journal of Immunology

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Streptococcus pneumoniae commonly resides asymptomatically in the nasopharyngeal (NP) cavity of healthy individuals but can cause life-threatening pulmonary and systemic infections, particularly in the elderly. NP colonization results in a robust immune response that protects against invasive infections. However, the duration, mechanism, and cellular component of such responses are poorly understood. In this study, we found that repeated NP exposure of mice to S. pneumoniae TIGR4 strain results in pneumococcal-specific Ab responses that protect against lethal lung challenge. Abs were necessary and sufficient for protection because Ab-deficient μMT mice did not develop postexposure protection, only becoming resistant to lung infection after transfer of immune sera from NP-exposed mice. T cells contributed to immunity at the time of NP exposure, but neither CD4+ nor CD8+ T cells were required. The protective activity was detectable 20 wk after exposure and was maintained in irradiated mice, suggesting involvement of long-lived Ab-secreting cells (ASC), which are radioresistant and secrete Abs for extended periods of time in the absence of T cells or persistent Ag. CD138+ bone marrow cells, likely corresponding to long-lived ASC, were sufficient to confer protection. NP exposure of aged mice failed to protect against subsequent lung infection despite eliciting a robust Ab response. Furthermore, transfer of CD138+ bone marrow cells or sera from NP-exposed old mice failed to protect naive young mice. These findings suggest that NP exposure elicits extended protection against pneumococcal lung infection by generating long-lived CD138+ ASC and that the protective efficacy of these responses declines with age.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasopharyngeal Exposure to Streptococcus pneumoniae Induces Extended Age-Dependent Protection against Pulmonary Infection Mediated by Antibodies and CD138+ Cells

Ghanem

Maung

Siwapornchai

et al. 2018

The Journal of Immunology

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“…Infections associated with dramatic alterations of the B cell compartment, such as HIV-1, show reduced responses against polysaccharide-based vaccines and are associated with increased risk of bacterial coinfections. However, the reasons for this defect have thus far been unclear ( Zhang et al, 2015 ; Sadlier et al, 2016 ). The extensive emergence of nonresponsive CD21 neg MZ B cells that we document here provides a plausible cause for the impaired responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Widespread B cell perturbations in HIV-1 infection afflict naive and marginal zone B cells

Liechti

Kadelka

Braun

et al. 2019

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Perturbations in B cells are a hallmark of HIV-1 infection. This is signified by increased numbers of exhausted CD21neg memory B cells, driven by continuous antigen-specific and bystander activation. Using high-dimensional flow cytometry, we demonstrate that this exhausted phenotype is also prevalent among peripheral antigen-inexperienced naive and marginal zone (MZ) B cells in acute and chronic HIV-1 infection. A substantial fraction of naive and MZ B cells exhibit down-regulated CD21 levels and diminished response to B cell receptor (BCR)–dependent stimulation. Compared with CD21pos subsets, the CD21neg naive and MZ B cells differ in the expression of chemokine receptors and activation markers. Effective antiretroviral treatment normalizes peripheral naive and MZ B cell populations. Our results emphasize a more widely spread impairment of B cells in HIV-1 infection than previously appreciated, including antigen-inexperienced cells. This highlights the importance of monitoring functional capacities of naive B cells in HIV-1 infection, as exhausted CD21neg naive B cells may severely impair induction of novel B cell responses.

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“…Infections at mucosal sites are controlled by the pneumococcal specific IgA antibody. IgA is observed in mucosal areas of the nose and saliva following S. pneumoniae colonization ( 269 ). Secretory IgA is important for opsonizing S. pneumoniae and promoting phagocytosis ( 230 ).…”

Section: Host Immune System Responses To S Pneumoniaementioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcus pneumoniae’s Virulence and Host Immunity: Aging, Diagnostics, and Prevention

2018

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Streptococcus pneumoniae is an infectious pathogen responsible for millions of deaths worldwide. Diseases caused by this bacterium are classified as pneumococcal diseases. This pathogen colonizes the nasopharynx of its host asymptomatically, but overtime can migrate to sterile tissues and organs and cause infections. Pneumonia is currently the most common pneumococcal disease. Pneumococcal pneumonia is a global health concern and vastly affects children under the age of five as well as the elderly and individuals with pre-existing health conditions. S. pneumoniae has a large selection of virulence factors that promote adherence, invasion of host tissues, and allows it to escape host immune defenses. A clear understanding of S. pneumoniae’s virulence factors, host immune responses, and examining the current techniques available for diagnosis, treatment, and disease prevention will allow for better regulation of the pathogen and its diseases. In terms of disease prevention, other considerations must include the effects of age on responses to vaccines and vaccine efficacy. Ongoing work aims to improve on current vaccination paradigms by including the use of serotype-independent vaccines, such as protein and whole cell vaccines. Extending our knowledge of the biology of, and associated host immune response to S. pneumoniae is paramount for our improvement of pneumococcal disease diagnosis, treatment, and improvement of patient outlook.

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Humoral immune responses to Streptococcus pneumoniae in the setting of HIV-1 infection

Cited by 25 publications

References 162 publications

Nasopharyngeal Exposure to Streptococcus pneumoniae Induces Extended Age-Dependent Protection against Pulmonary Infection Mediated by Antibodies and CD138+ Cells

Nasopharyngeal Exposure to Streptococcus pneumoniae Induces Extended Age-Dependent Protection against Pulmonary Infection Mediated by Antibodies and CD138+ Cells

Widespread B cell perturbations in HIV-1 infection afflict naive and marginal zone B cells

Streptococcus pneumoniae’s Virulence and Host Immunity: Aging, Diagnostics, and Prevention

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