Humoral immune response of European eel Anguilla anguilla experimentally infected with Anguillicola crassus

Knopf, Klaus; Naser, K.; Heijden, M.H.T. van der; Taraschewski, Horst

doi:10.3354/dao042061

Cited by 36 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This seems to be a general trend in fish-parasite systems (Dogiel et al 1958, but see Poulin 2000 for critical review). In theory, in the absence of an effective immune response, as in the present case (Békési et al 1997, Knopf et al 2000, an accumulation of parasites may result from: (1) longer exposure time (i.e. older fish have had more time to accumulate para- Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Spatial and temporal variation in Anguillicola crassus counts: results of a 4 year survey of eels in Mediterranean lagoons

Lefebvre¹,

Contournet²,

Priour³

et al. 2002

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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We present the results of a survey of anguillicolosis in the Rhône River delta. From January 1997 to December 2000, a total of 13 319 eels (Anguilla anguilla from elver to silver phase) were examined, in which we found 22 227 swimbladder nematodes (Anguillicola crassus adults and preadults). A generalised linear model (GLM) framework was used to explore the relative contribution of various factors to the occurrence, intensity and abundance of the parasite. We reveal a major influence of the month of sampling, and we document the existence of a seasonal pattern with regular peaks in early summer and late winter. In contrast, the year of sampling is of secondary importance, and no particular trend in the development of the infection can be detected. More than a decade after the first record of A. crassus in the Rhône River delta, anguillicolosis has thus attained a constant infection rate of nearly 50%, with a mean number of 3 or 4 macroscopic lumen worms per infected eel. The eel length strongly influences the intensity and the abundance of the nematode, but has little if any effect on the probability of being infected. There exists a linear relationship between eel size and the number of parasites, but not between eel size and prevalence. We observe a decrease in the proportion of infected individuals among elver eels. We discuss this result in relation to the possible mortality of heavily infected individuals and/or a change in the eels' alimentary diet.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Spatial and temporal variation in Anguillicola crassus counts: results of a 4 year survey of eels in Mediterranean lagoons

Lefebvre¹,

Contournet²,

Priour³

et al. 2002

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…(4) Acquisition of host adaptations towards A. crassus. This may occur by cellular reaction (Haenen et al 1989, Molnár 1994 or by immune reaction (Buchmann et al 1991, Höglund & Pilström 1995, Knopf et al 2000. The role of host resistance and immune responses are still ambiguous in this host-parasite system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The role of host resistance and immune responses are still ambiguous in this host-parasite system. Clearly, the European eel is capable of mounting a humoral immune response against antigens of A. crassus (see for example Knopf et al 2000) but its efficiency appears limited. The higher susceptibility of the European eel, in comparison to the native Japanese host eel (in terms of prevalence or histopathological damages, see Egusa 1979, Nagasawa et al 1994) is thus assumed to result from a lower immune competence (Nielsen 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anguillicolosis: dynamics of the infection over two decades

Lefebvre¹,

Crivellì²

2004

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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The dynamics of the infection of the European eel Anguilla anguilla L. by the Asian nematode Anguillicola crassus Kuwahara, Niimi and Itagaki, 1974 (i.e. anguillicolosis) was monitored over 2 decades in an oligohaline canal in southern France (Camargue, Mediterranean coast). Since the first mention of the parasite in this canal in 1985, which was also the first record in France, prevalence of pre-adult and adult forms has risen from 32 to 73%. However, during the last 7 yr (1997 to 2003), prevalence seems to have stabilized around values of 60 to 70% and parasite load, though inter-annual variation is substantial, shows no sign of increase (intensity for the last 5 yr: min. = 3.70, max. = 9.66, mean = 6.01). Our results thus confirm the dynamic pattern observed elsewhere in Europe, i.e. a rapid spread following the introduction of the parasite in a water system and then stabilization around ceiling levels. We review possible mechanisms that may explain such a leveling off in the infection spread. We particularly document the possibility that repetitive infections may render the infected organ, i.e. the swimbladder, unsuitable for further A. crassus establishment. In support of this hypothesis, we showed that the infection rate is lower among eels with severely damaged swimbladders.

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“…All third stage larvae (L 3 ) of A. crassus used in the experimental infections for histology and the leucocyte migration assay were obtained according to Knopf et al (2000). Briefly, second-stage larvae (L 2 ) collected from the swimbladder lumen of naturally infected eels were fed to planktonic copepods.…”

Section: Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migratory response of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) phagocytes to the eel swimbladder nematode Anguillicola crassus

et al. 2008

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The migratory response of peripheral blood granulocytes and monocytes from the European eel Anguilla anguilla (L.) to infective larvae of the swimbladder nematode Anguillicola crassus Kuwahara, Niimi and Hagaki, 1974 was examined by means of light microscopical histology and with an in vitro assay using a modified Boyden chamber. Histological examination of experimentally infected eels revealed that, already 8 days postinfection, an infiltration of inflammatory cells around L3 of A. crassus in the swimbladder tissue can occur. In the Boyden chamber, in presence of infective larvae of A. crassus (L3), neutrophil granulocytes and monocytes showed a higher migration activity than in the absence of L3. In conclusion, infection of European eels with A. crassus leads to an activation of the defence cells resulting in an increased migration activity compared to uninfected eels.

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Humoral immune response of European eel Anguilla anguilla experimentally infected with Anguillicola crassus

Cited by 36 publications

References 34 publications

Spatial and temporal variation in Anguillicola crassus counts: results of a 4 year survey of eels in Mediterranean lagoons

Spatial and temporal variation in Anguillicola crassus counts: results of a 4 year survey of eels in Mediterranean lagoons

Anguillicolosis: dynamics of the infection over two decades

Migratory response of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) phagocytes to the eel swimbladder nematode Anguillicola crassus

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