Humoral defence factors in Indian river prawn, Macrobrachium malcolmsonii

Humoral immune responses of amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri to challenge with Escherichia coli

“…Lysozyme activity has been found in the haemolymph or sera of many invertebrate species such as cephalopod [21], oyster [22], clam [23] and prawn [19] and vertebrates like fish [24], and here we show for the first time the presence of lysozyme activity in amphioxus B. belcheri, extending the range of species in which lysozyme activity exists in the humoral fluids. We also show that challenge with E. coli leads to an elevated lysozyme activity in amphioxus humoral fluids.…”

“…Like the haemolymph of prawns and crabs [19,26,27], the humoral fluids from unchallenged amphioxus could also selectively agglutinate Gram-negative bacteria. However, challenge with E. coli caused an increase in the agglutinating activity of amphioxus humoral fluids against Gram-positive bacteria, but induced a decrease in the agglutinating activity against Gram-negative bacteria.…”

“…The erythrocyte pellets were washed with sterile 10 mM PBS (pH 7.4), fixed in 20% formaldehyde in 10 mM PBS (pH 7.4), and re-suspended at 2.0% (v/v) in the same buffer [19].…”

Dietary administration of bovine lactoferrin influences the immune ability of the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) and its resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila infection and nitrite stress

“…Agglutinins in several crustaceans have been characterised as heat-labile and calcium-dependent substances [30]. Feeding of Lf at any of the dose levels for 7 days did not bring any change in the serum haemagglutinating activity against rabbit RBC.…”

“…Part of the supernatant was used to measure total protein concentration following Bradford [29], using bovine serum albumin as a standard protein. The rest of the supernatant was used to measure bacterial agglutination and haemagglutination titres following Acharya et al [30] and Kumari et al [7], respectively.…”