Humoral and cellular immune responses to the SARS‐CoV‐2 BNT162b2 vaccine among a cohort of solid organ transplant recipients and healthy controls

Yanis, Ahmad; Haddadin, Zaid; Spieker, Andrew J.; Waqfi, Danya; Rankin, Danielle A; Talj, Rana; Thomas, Lora D.; Birdwell, Kelly A.; Ezzell, Lauren J.; Blair, Marcia; Eason, Joan; Varjabedian, Rebekkah; Warren, Christian M.; Nochowicz, Cynthia H; Olson, Eric C.; Simmons, J. Aaron; Yoder, Sandra; Guy, Malcolm; Thomsen, Isaac; Chappell, James D.; Kalams, Spyros A.; Halasa, Natasha

doi:10.1111/tid.13772

Cited by 22 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Lack of accounting for cellular immunity is one way in which antibody measurements alone may not fully predict the clinical protectiveness of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination. Studies have shown decreased cellular immunity in SOTRs compared to healthy controls in response to SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination 26,27 . However in these same studies, cellular and humoral immune responses did not correlate with each other, with some patients having a robust cellular immune response without a humoral response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Evaluating clinical effectiveness of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine in solid organ transplant recipients: A propensity score matched analysis

Tucker

Azar

Cohen

et al. 2022

Transplant Infectious Dis

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Background: Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) are at disproportionate risk for severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 . Vaccination is a key preventative strategy but is associated with decreased humoral responses among SOTR.Whether dampened immune responses correlate with reduced clinical effectiveness is unclear. Our study was designed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in the early vaccine era. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study comparing SARS-CoV-2 infection rates between SOTRs who received two doses of mRNA or one dose of Ad26.Cov2.S vaccine and those not fully vaccinated (partially vaccinated and unvaccinated). To evaluate clinical effectiveness of vaccine, cause-specific Cox regression model and modified Poisson regression model were built using the propensity scorematched cohort. Additionally, the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 of fully vaccinated and not fully vaccinated SOTR were compared.Results: Of 2705 SOTRs, 1668 were included in our final matched analysis, which showed a 73% reduction of SARS-CoV-2 infection and 76% reduction of all-causemortality among fully vaccinated patients. Thirty-nine SOTRs developed SARS-CoV-2 infection, including nine fully vaccinated and 30 not fully vaccinated. Among fully vaccinated patients, 22% had severe/critical COVID-19 and 0% mortality versus not fully vaccinated SOTRs, of whom 37% had severe/critical COVID-19 and 6.67% COVID-19-related mortality. Conclusion:In SOTRs, completion of primary vaccine series in the early vaccine era was associated with a significant reduction of COVID-19 and was protective against severe/critical disease and death. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SOTRs, solid organ transplant recipients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Evaluating clinical effectiveness of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine in solid organ transplant recipients: A propensity score matched analysis

Tucker

Azar

Cohen

et al. 2022

Transplant Infectious Dis

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“…The authors Yanis et al. correlated the humoral and cellular immune responses after two doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in 56 SOT patients and 26 healthy individuals ( 29 ). In this study, four LuTx recipients were included, however, the majority of SOT types were kidney (41%) and liver (37%).…”

Section: Anti-covid-19 Vaccination In Lung Transplant Recipients: Fir...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 in Lung Transplant Recipients: Immunogenicity, Efficacy and Safety

et al. 2022

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Lung transplant (LuTx) recipients are considered to be at higher risk of developing serious illness from COVID-19. COVID-19 vaccines were shown in randomized clinical trials to substantially reduce the severity of COVID-19, however, patients receiving immunosuppressants were excluded from these trials. Observational studies report a proportion of solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients being able to mount sufficient titers of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies, however, other studies demonstrate that more than 90% of the SOT recipients elicit neither humoral nor cellular immune response after vaccination. Currently, the third booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccines was shown to elicit strong immune responses and may, thus, represent a potent tool in the prevention of severe COVID-19 infection in SOT recipients, including patients after lung transplantation. To address the main challenges of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in LuTx recipients in the era of COVID-19, we have closely collected all available data on the immunogenicity, efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines in LuTx recipients.

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“…We conducted testing for SARS‐CoV‐2 by detecting viral RNA in nasal specimens using reverse‐transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) 8 and by detection of serum IgG to the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 9 Those with negative RT‐qPCR results, but a positive ELISA within 4–6 weeks of symptom onset and no history of vaccination, were classified as SARS‐CoV‐2 positive. All data and laboratory results were maintained in a secure REDCap™ (Research Electronic Data Capture, Vanderbilt University) database.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Respiratory and blood specimens were transported to a VUMC research laboratory for storage and testing. We conducted testing for SARS‐CoV‐2 by detecting viral RNA in nasal specimens using reverse‐transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) 8 and by detection of serum IgG to the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 9 . Those with negative RT‐qPCR results, but a positive ELISA within 4–6 weeks of symptom onset and no history of vaccination, were classified as SARS‐CoV‐2 positive.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical presentations of adult and pediatric SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive cases in a community cohort, Nashville, Tennessee

Rankin

Yanis

Talj

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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Compared to adults, the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) illness in children has been lower and less severe. However, reports comparing SARS‐CoV‐2 infection among children and adults are limited. As part of our longitudinal cohort study of adults and children with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and their household contacts in Nashville, Tennessee, we compared the clinical characteristics and outcomes of SARS‐CoV‐2 infections between children and adults. Children were more likely to be asymptomatically infected and had a shorter illness duration compared to adults. The differences observed in clinical presentation across ages may inform symptom‐specific testing, screening, and management algorithms.

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Humoral and cellular immune responses to the SARS‐CoV‐2 BNT162b2 vaccine among a cohort of solid organ transplant recipients and healthy controls

Cited by 22 publications

References 39 publications

Evaluating clinical effectiveness of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine in solid organ transplant recipients: A propensity score matched analysis

Evaluating clinical effectiveness of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine in solid organ transplant recipients: A propensity score matched analysis

Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 in Lung Transplant Recipients: Immunogenicity, Efficacy and Safety

Clinical presentations of adult and pediatric SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive cases in a community cohort, Nashville, Tennessee

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