Humin‐free synthesis of levulinic acid from fructose using heteropolyacid catalysts
André Wassenberg,
Tobias Esser,
Maximilian J. Poller
et al.
Abstract:Levulinic acid (LA) is one of the top bio‐based platform molecules that can be converted into many valuable chemicals. Herein, we report the sustainable synthesis of LA acid from various sugars using heteropolyacid catalysts. By using a Box–Behnken design of experiment, both LA yield (up to 69 mol%) and complete suppression of parasitic humin formation could be achieved within a 5 h reaction time at 140°C using fructose as a substrate. The effects of various reaction parameters like temperature, sugar concentr… Show more
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