Humidity Sensor Based on a Long-Period Fiber Grating Coated with Polymer Composite Film

Corrosion has been a great concern in the oil and natural gas industry costing billions of dollars annually in the U.S. The ability to monitor corrosion online before structural integrity is compromised can have a significant impact on preventing catastrophic events resulting from corrosion. This article critically reviews conventional corrosion sensors and emerging sensor technologies in terms of sensing principles, sensor designs, advantages, and limitations. Conventional corrosion sensors encompass corrosion coupons, electrical resistance probes, electrochemical sensors, ultrasonic testing sensors, magnetic flux leakage sensors, electromagnetic sensors, and in-line inspection tools. Emerging sensor technologies highlight optical fiber sensors (point, quasi-distributed, distributed) and passive wireless sensors such as passive radio-frequency identification sensors and surface acoustic wave sensors. Emerging sensors show great potential in continuous real-time in-situ monitoring of oil and natural gas infrastructure. Distributed chemical sensing is emphasized based on recent studies as a promising method to detect early corrosion onset and monitor corrosive environments for corrosion mitigation management. Additionally, challenges are discussed including durability and stability in extreme and harsh conditions such as high temperature high pressure in subsurface wellbores.

Section: Emerging Corrosion Sensing Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring of Oil and Natural Gas Infrastructure: A Review

Wright

Lü

Devkota

et al. 2019

“…A polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer was employed as an absorber of relative humidity to realize a MKR-based relative humidity sensor [29,30,48,49,50,51,52,53,54]. FM-MKR with two modes ( HE 11 and HE 12 ) was fabricated by using a flame-blushing method [29].…”

Section: Relative Humidity Sensors Based On Mkrs With Sensitive Mamentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative Humidity Sensors Based on Microfiber Knot Resonators—A Review

Han

2019

Recent research and development progress of relative humidity sensors using microfiber knot resonators (MKRs) are reviewed by considering the physical parameters of the MKR and coating materials sensitive to improve the relative humidity sensitivity. The fabrication method of the MKR based on silica or polymer is briefly described. The many advantages of the MKR such as strong evanescent field, a high Q-factor, compact size, and high sensitivity can provide a great diversity of sensing applications. The relative humidity sensitivity of the MKR is enhanced by concerning the physical parameters of the MKR, including the waist or knot diameter, sensitive materials, and Vernier effect. Many techniques for depositing the sensitive materials on the MKR surface are discussed. The adsorption effects of water vapor molecules on variations in the resonant wavelength and the transmission output of the MKR are described regarding the materials sensitive to relative humidity. The sensing performance of the MKR-based relative humidity sensors is discussed, including sensitivity, resolution, and response time.

“…In chemosensing area, Yin et al presented a 3D patterning of poly(acrylic acid) ionic hydrogel decorated LPG pH Sensor [ 26 ]; Wang et al adopted LPG sensing approach to measure humidity [ 27 ]; Wang et al carried out an LPG sensor with nano-assembled porphyrin layers to detect the concentration of ammonia gas [ 28 ]; Hsu et al used a double notched LPG to sense CO 2 gas [ 29 ]; Baliyan et al proposed a lipid sensor using the LPG [ 30 ]; Celebanska et al and Tripathi et al had conducted their trials on the aptasensor using LPG for monitoring cocaine [ 31 ] and toxin [ 32 ], respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Label-Free and Reproducible Chemical Sensor Using the Vertical-Fluid-Array Induced Optical Fiber Long Period Grating (VIOLIN)

Long

et al. 2020

Fiber optical refractometers have gained a substantial reputation in biological and chemical sensing domain regarding their label-free and remote-operation working mode. However, the practical breakthrough of the fiber optical bio/chemosensor is impeded by a lack of reconfigurability as well as the explicitness of the determination between bulk and surface refractive indices. In this letter, we further implement the highly flexible and reproducible long period grating called “VIOLIN” in chemical sensing area for the demonstration of moving those obstacles. In this configuration, the liquid is not only leveraged as the chemical carrier but also the periodic modulation of the optical fiber to facilitate the resonant signal. The thiol compound that is adsorbed by the fluidic substrate can be transduced to the pure alteration of the bulk refractive index of the liquid, which can be sensitively perceived by the resonant drift. Taking advantage of its freely dismantled feature, the VIOLIN sensor enables flexible reproduction and high throughput detection, yielding a new vision to the fiber optic biochemical sensing field.