Humidity-dependence of IPMC sensing dynamics: characterization and modeling from a physical perspective

Lei, Hong; Lim, Chaiyong; Tan, Xiaobo

doi:10.1007/s11012-015-0164-6

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In this case, the control diagram becomes the following (Figure 8): It is well known that the activity of IPMC actuators depends on their humidity (the concentration of the water molecule), which decreases during their actuation. It is validated by experiment in [27] that as the humidity level goes down, the Young's modulus continuously increases, the strain-rate damping coefficient and dielectric constant continuously decrease, which lead to the activity reduction of IPMC. This phenomenon has been observed during the experimental validation of the proposed IDA-PBC controller shown in Figure 7.…”

Section: Control Of a Single Ipmc-actuated Flexible Beammentioning

confidence: 89%

Port-Hamiltonian Modeling and IDA-PBC Control of an IPMC-Actuated Flexible Beam

Zhou

Hu³

et al. 2021

Actuators

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In this paper, the infinite-dimensional port-Hamiltonian modelling and control problem of a flexible beam actuated using ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) actuators is investigated. The port-Hamiltonian framework is used to propose an interconnected control model of the mechanical flexible beam and the IPMC actuator. The mechanical flexible dynamic is modelled as a Timoshenko beam, and the electric dynamics of the IPMCs are considered in the model. Furthermore, a passivity-based control-strategy is used to obtain the desired configuration of the proposed interconnected system, and the closed-loop stability is analyzed using the early lumped approach. Lastly, numerical simulations and experimental results are presented to validate the proposed model and the effectiveness of the proposed control law.

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Section: Control Of a Single Ipmc-actuated Flexible Beammentioning

confidence: 89%

Port-Hamiltonian Modeling and IDA-PBC Control of an IPMC-Actuated Flexible Beam

Zhou

Hu³

et al. 2021

Actuators

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“…IPMC short-circuit current has zero sensitivity to static deformations [100,133]. While it is a consensus that upon dynamic excitation the response magnitude (first) increases with frequency [65,91,103,107,118,121,128,133,160], reports disagree on the exact behavior. Figure 9 shows reported IPMC current sensing dynamics, extracted from literature.…”

Section: Active Sensing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While IPMC sensing properties are well known to depend on material-specific characteristics, such as hydration level [117], cation species [101,118], solvent type [101] and dimensions [119], their response has been also reported to depend on ambient conditions, such as temperature [83,84], relative humidity [120,121,122,123], and potentially other factors.…”

Section: Models For Ipmc Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensing and Self-Sensing Actuation Methods for Ionic Polymer–Metal Composite (IPMC): A Review

MohdIsa

Hunt

HosseinNia

2019

Sensors

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Ionic polymer–metal composites (IPMC) are smart material transducers that bend in response to low-voltage stimuli and generate voltage in response to bending. IPMCs are mechanically compliant, simple in construction, and easy to cut into desired shape. This allows the designing of novel sensing and actuation systems, e.g., for soft and bio-inspired robotics. IPMC sensing can be implemented in multiple ways, resulting in significantly different sensing characteristics. This paper will review the methods and research efforts to use IPMCs as deformation sensors. We will address efforts to model the IPMC sensing phenomenon, and implementation and characteristics of different IPMC sensing methods. Proposed sensing methods are divided into active sensing, passive sensing, and self-sensing actuation (SSA), whereas the active sensing methods measure one of IPMC-generated voltage, charge, or current; passive methods measure variations in IPMC impedances, or use it in capacitive sensor element circuit, and SSA methods implement simultaneous sensing and actuation on the same IPMC sample. Frequency ranges for reliable sensing vary among the methods, and no single method has been demonstrated to be effective for sensing in the full spectrum of IPMC actuation capabilities, i.e., from DC to ∼100 Hz. However, this limitation can be overcome by combining several sensing methods.

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“…Ganley et al (2011) discussed that the ease of microfabrication, no separate packaging for air or water operation, and the minimal structural complexity make IPMC very suitable as actuators and sensors. Its performance depends on environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity (Lei et al, 2015; Shoji and Hirayama, 2007). Therefore, IPMC sensors can sense multiple parameters, such as environmental temperature, humidity, vibrations, and airflow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis on enhancing the sensing behavior of ionic polymer metal composite based sensors

Swarrup

Ganguli

Madras

2020

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

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In this paper, an in-depth analysis of IPMC (ionic polymer metal composite) as sensors is performed, motivated by application to flapping wing micro air vehicles. The effect of water uptake for different IPMC samples reveals a correlation between IPMC metal content and water uptake. The effect of introducing a mass to the end of High-frequency IPMC (HFI ∼ 20.9 Hz) sensor shows an improvement in the IPMC sensing behavior, whereas, for the Low-frequency IPMC (LFI ∼ 8.9 Hz) sensor, there is a reverse trend. Gold (Au) coating on an HFI sensor results in a decrease in resonant frequency. Different mass loaded on the Au coated HFI beams reveals that the pre-bending by adding end mass to HFI sensor is beneficial up to a specific mass level, after which the sensing voltage decreases. The optimized mass loading for the Au coated HFI is determined.

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Humidity-dependence of IPMC sensing dynamics: characterization and modeling from a physical perspective

Cited by 15 publications

References 35 publications

Port-Hamiltonian Modeling and IDA-PBC Control of an IPMC-Actuated Flexible Beam

Port-Hamiltonian Modeling and IDA-PBC Control of an IPMC-Actuated Flexible Beam

Sensing and Self-Sensing Actuation Methods for Ionic Polymer–Metal Composite (IPMC): A Review

Analysis on enhancing the sensing behavior of ionic polymer metal composite based sensors

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