Humidifier Disinfectant Consumption and Humidifier Disinfectant-Associated Lung Injury in South Korea: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

Yoon, Jeonggyo; Kang, Minsun; Jung, Jaehun; Ju, Ming‐Shaung; Jeong, Sung Hwan; Yang, Wonho; Choi, Yoon-Hyeong

doi:10.3390/ijerph18116136

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…For group 1, studies published on humans, a total of 49 articles were selected ( Table 2 ). 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 17 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 The suspicion that humidifier disinfectant might be a cause of lung damage was suggested in 2011. Studies in international journals began to appear in 2013.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…28 Overall, annual humidifier disinfectant sales showed high correlations with the concentration and number of HDLI cases. 29 30 31 Respiratory diseases such as idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, 17 bronchitis and allergic rhinitis, 32 33 and asthma 34 have been described in human studies on non-HDLI diseases. Leem et al 35 proposed that these disease types should be grouped and named humidifier disinfectant-related respiratory syndrome.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health Effects Associated With Humidifier Disinfectant Use: A Systematic Review for Exploration

et al. 2022

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Background It has been 10 years since the outbreak of lung disease caused by humidifier disinfectants in Korea, but the health effects have not yet been summarized. Therefore, this study aims to systematically examine the health effects of humidifier disinfectants that have been discovered so far. Methods All literature with humidifier disinfectants and their representative components as the main words were collected based on the web, including PubMed, Research Information Sharing Service, and government publication reports. A total of 902 studies were searched, of which 196 were selected. They were divided into four groups: published human studies (group 1), published animal and cytotoxicology studies (group 2), technical reports (group 3), and gray literature (group 4). Results Out of the 196 studies, 97 (49.5%) were published in peer-reviewed journals as original research. Group 1 consisted of 49 articles (50.5%), while group 2 consisted of 48 articles (49.5%). Overall, respiratory diseases such as humidifier disinfectant associated lung injury, interstitial lung disease, and asthma have a clear correlation, but other effects such as liver, heart, thymus, thyroid, fetal growth, metabolic abnormalities, and eyes are observed in toxicological experimental studies, but have not yet been identified in epidemiologic studies. Conclusion The current level of evidence does not completely rule out the effects of humidifier disinfectants on extrapulmonary disease. Based on the toxicological evidence so far, it is required to monitor the population of humidifier disinfectant exposure continuously to see if similar damage occurs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Effects Associated With Humidifier Disinfectant Use: A Systematic Review for Exploration

et al. 2022

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“…Nonetheless, Korean consumers’ trust in the safety of household chemical products is still low because of insufficient accurate information available on the risk assessment of a product as well as the emergence of new substances (MOE, 2022). Insufficient information led to a humidifier disinfectant incident in the Republic of Korea that caused many deaths (Yoon et al., 2021; Kim & Paek, 2016). A humidifier disinfectant misused by some Korean consumers caused health problems, such as lung damage, fetal damage, and asthma, leading to its recognition as a government‐regulated disease.…”

Section: Consumer Safety Management System By the Korea Consumer Agencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocidal products: Opportunities in risk assessment, management, and communication

et al. 2023

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In the coronavirus disease 2019 era, biocidal products are increasingly used for controlling harmful organisms, including microorganisms. However, assuring safety against adverse health effects is a critical issue from a public health standpoint. This study aimed to provide an overview of key aspects of risk assessment, management, and communication that ensure the safety of biocidal active ingredients and products. The inherent characteristics of biocidal products make them effective against pests and pathogens; however, they also possess potential toxicities. Therefore, public awareness regarding both the beneficial and potential adverse effects of biocidal products needs to be increased. Biocidal active ingredients and products are regulated under specific laws: the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act for the United States; the European Union (EU) Biocidal Products Regulation for the EU; and the Consumer Chemical Products and Biocide Safety Management Act for the Republic of Korea. Risk management also needs to consider the evidence of enhanced sensitivity to toxicities in individuals with chronic diseases, given the increased prevalence of these conditions in the population. This is particularly important for post‐marketing safety assessments of biocidal products. Risk communication conveys information, including potential risks and risk‐reduction measures, aimed at managing or controlling health or environmental risks. Taken together, the collaborative effort of stakeholders in risk assessment, management, and communication strategies is critical to ensuring the safety of biocidal products sold in the market as these strategies are constantly evolving.

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“…This suggests that the damage caused by humidifier disinfectants may also have long-term effects on survivors. Therefore, plans to help survivors recover need to be considered in a long-term context [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Socio-Demographic Factors Affecting Psychological Symptoms in Humidifier Disinfectant Survivors

Ryu

Lee

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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This study aimed to compare the psychological symptoms of humidifier disinfectant survivors to the general population and explore socio-demographic factors influencing survivors’ psychological symptoms. A one-way Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) and a series of two-way MANCOVA were conducted with a sample of 228 humidifier disinfectant survivors and 228 controls. The results demonstrated that the survivor group displayed higher anxious/depressed symptoms, withdrawn symptoms, somatic complaints, thought problems, attention problems, aggressive behavior and rule-breaking behavior than the general group. Moreover, among the socio-demographic factors, the two-way interaction effects of group × family economic status and group × number of friends were found to be statistically significant. The limitations and implications of this study are discussed.

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Humidifier Disinfectant Consumption and Humidifier Disinfectant-Associated Lung Injury in South Korea: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

Cited by 14 publications

References 32 publications

Health Effects Associated With Humidifier Disinfectant Use: A Systematic Review for Exploration

Health Effects Associated With Humidifier Disinfectant Use: A Systematic Review for Exploration

Biocidal products: Opportunities in risk assessment, management, and communication

Exploring Socio-Demographic Factors Affecting Psychological Symptoms in Humidifier Disinfectant Survivors

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