Human Water and Electrolyte Balance

Montain, Scott J.; Cheuvront, Samuel N.; Carter, R; Sawka, Michael N.

doi:10.1002/9781119946045.ch32

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 96 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…The human body is composed of more than 60% water, which makes up the largest proportion of the organs [ 1 ]. Humans consume ~ 2 L of water per day via drinking water and fresh and processed foods, which plays an important role in metabolic processes within the body [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of UV-C Irradiation on Bacterial Disinfection in a Drinking Water Purification System

Kim

Yoon

Lee

et al. 2022

J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.

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The supply of microbiological risk-free water is essential to keep food safety and public hygiene. And removal, inactivation, and destruction of microorganisms in drinking water are key for ensuring safety in the food industry. Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) irradiation is an attractive method for efficient disinfection of water without generating toxicity and adversely affecting human health. In this study, the disinfection efficiencies of UV-C irradiation on Shigella flexneri (Gram negative) and Listeria monocytogenes (Gram positive) at various concentrations in drinking water were evaluated using a water purifier. Their morphological and physiological characteristics after UV-C irradiation were observed using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry combined with live/dead staining. UV-C irradiation (254 nm wavelength, irradiation dose: 40 mJ/cm 2 ) at a water flow velocity of 3.4 L/min showed disinfection ability on both bacteria up to 10 8 CFU/4 L. And flow cytometric analysis showed different physiological shift between S. flexneri and L. monocytogenes after UV-C irradiation, but no significant shift of morphology in both bacteria. In addition, each bacterium revealed different characteristics with time-course observation after UV-C irradiation: L. monocytogenes dramatically changed its physiological feature and seemed to reach maximum damage at 4 h and then recovered, whereas S. flexneri seemed to gradually die over time. This study revealed that UV-C irradiation of water purifiers is effective in disinfecting microbial contaminants in drinking water and provides basic information on bacterial features/responses after UV-C irradiation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of UV-C Irradiation on Bacterial Disinfection in a Drinking Water Purification System

Kim

Yoon

Lee

et al. 2022

J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The chloride level in the human body is 1.17g per kg on average, with a total amount of about 82-100 g, accounting for 0.15% of body weight, being widely distributed throughout the body [51]. Clis also the major anion in human body fluids, together with Na + and K + to maintain electrolyte balance and acid-base balance [49,52]. Cland Na + are main ions in the extracellular fluid to control the volume and sustain the osmotic pressure.…”

Section: Clinically Relevant Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%