Human walking and higher‐level gait disorders, particularly in the elderly

Nutt, John G.; Marsden, C. D.; Thompson, Philip D.

doi:10.1212/wnl.43.2.268

Cited by 600 publications

(377 citation statements)

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“…Among many older adults with complaints of impaired gait, no obvious cause is identifiable, even after thorough examination. This disorder has been termed a 'higher level gait disturbance' (Nutt, Marsden, & Thompson, 1993) or cautious gait. In a study of 24 older adults (72 to 88 years of age; mean: 78) with a HLGD and age and sex matched controls (n = 28), we found that stride variability was significantly larger (p < .0001) in the participants with HLGD (55.6 ± 29.4 ms) compared to controls (24.1 ± 7.3 ms) (Giladi, Herman, Reider-Groswasser, Gurevich, & Hausdorff, 2005;.…”

Section: Falls In Older Adults With Higher Level Gait Disturbance (Hlgd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gait dynamics, fractals and falls: Finding meaning in the stride-to-stride fluctuations of human walking

Hausdorff

2007

Human Movement Science

717

609

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Until recently, quantitative studies of walking have typically focused on properties of a typical or average stride, ignoring the stride-to-stride fluctuations and considering these fluctuations to be noise. Work over the past two decades has demonstrated, however, that the alleged noise actually conveys important information. The magnitude of the stride-to-stride fluctuations and their changes over time during a walk -gait dynamics -may be useful in understanding the physiology of gait, in quantifying age-related and pathologic alterations in the locomotor control system, and in augmenting objective measurement of mobility and functional status Indeed, alterations in gait dynamics may help to determine disease severity, medication utility, and fall risk, and to objectively document improvements in response to therapeutic interventions, above and beyond what can be gleaned from measures based on the average, typical stride. This review discusses support for the idea that gait dynamics has meaning and may be useful in providing insight into the neural control of locomtion and for enhancing functional assessment of aging, chronic disease, and their impact on mobility.

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Section: Falls In Older Adults With Higher Level Gait Disturbance (Hlgd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gait dynamics, fractals and falls: Finding meaning in the stride-to-stride fluctuations of human walking

Hausdorff

2007

Human Movement Science

717

609

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“…More work along these lines is mandatory. The few studies that have been conducted point to a distributed network for locomotion including spinal cord, brainstem, basal ganglia, cerebellum, motor and posterior parietal cortices (for motor cortex see Armstrong, 1988;Drew et al, 2004; for spinal cord: Grillner and Wallen, 1985;Nutt et al, 1993).…”

Section: The Neuroscience Of Gait and Agencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Agency, gait and self-consciousness

Kannape

Blanke

2012

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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Agency is an important aspect of bodily self-consciousness, allowing us to separate own movements from those induced by the environment and to distinguish own movements from those of other agents. Unsurprisingly, theoretical frameworks for agency such as central monitoring are closely tied to computational models of sensorimotor control. Until recently agency research has largely focussed on goal-directed movements of the upper limbs. In particular, the influence of performance-related sensory cues and the relevance of prediction signals for agency judgements have been studied through a variety of spatio-temporal mismatches between movement and the sensory consequences of movement. However, agents often perform a different type of movement; highly automated movements that involve the entire body such as walking, cycling, and swimming with potentially different agency mechanisms. Here, we review recent work about agency for full-body movements such as gait, highlighting the effects of performance-related visual and auditory cues on gait agency. Gait movements differ from upper limb actions. Gait is cyclic, more rarely immediately goal-directed, and is generally considered one of the most automatic and unconscious actions. We discuss such movement differences with respect to the functional mechanisms of full-body agency and body-part agency by linking these gait agency paradigms to computational models of motor control. This is followed by a selective review of gait control, locomotion, and models of motor control relying on prediction signals and underlining their relevance for full-body agency.

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“…An abundance of research evidence has demonstrated that OA walk differently than younger adults (YA) (Prince et ai, 1997;Judge, Ounpuu, & Davis, 1996;Buchner et al, 1996;Alexander, 1994;Nutt, Marsden, & Thompson, 1993). For example, Winter (1991) reported that OA walked with wider strides and shorter steps compared to younger adults (YA).…”

Section: Age Related Changes In the Kinematics Of Gaitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obstacle negotiation kinematics: age-dependent effects of postural threat

McKenzie

Brown

2004

Gait & Posture

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DEDICATIONI dedicate this thesis to my Poppa, John Joseph Lacey. You have taught me the meaning of dignity.iii ABSTRACTThe effects of postural threat and the potential consequences of obstacle contact on the obstacle negotiation kinematics among younger and older adults were examined. Seventeen older (OA; 7 males, 10 females; mean age, 68.94 ± 4.85) and fifteen younger adults (YA; 5 males, 10 females; mean age, 22.53 ± 2.77) negotiated virtual and real obstacles while walking at a self-determined velocity along a 7.2m walkway under 4 different conditions of postural threat. Postural threat was manipulated by varying the width (0.60m versus 0.15m) and height (floor versus elevated (0.00m versus 0.60m)) of the walkway. Postural threat altered crossing kinematics for all subjects. Specifically, age-related differences emerged with increasing postural threat, however die changes observed among older adults were considerably different from those of younger adults. Additionally, there was an effect for the potential consequences of obstacle contact, however, no age-related differences emerged. These results revealed an effect for postural threat and obstacle characteristics on the negotiation strategies of younger and older adults. Both postural threat and obstacle characteristics elicit conservative crossing kinematics in younger and older adults. Specifically, these findings illustrate age-dependent differences in obstacle negotiation strategies and that postural threat affects older adults differently than younger adults whereas the potential consequences of obstacle contact affects younger and older adults equally. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSWe did it! This thesis would not have been possible without die support of my family and friends. I would like to show my appreciation to everyone who encouraged and stood by me during the creation of this thesis.

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Human walking and higher‐level gait disorders, particularly in the elderly

Cited by 600 publications

References 0 publications

Gait dynamics, fractals and falls: Finding meaning in the stride-to-stride fluctuations of human walking

Gait dynamics, fractals and falls: Finding meaning in the stride-to-stride fluctuations of human walking

Agency, gait and self-consciousness

Obstacle negotiation kinematics: age-dependent effects of postural threat

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