Human volunteer study on the influence of exposure duration and dilution of dermally applied N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) on the urinary elimination of NMP metabolites

Keener, Stephen A.; Wrbitzky, Renate; Bader, Michael

doi:10.1007/s00420-006-0138-z

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…However, pyrrolidones can form reservoirs in the skin, allowing for a sustained effect. Reports showed a peak urine concentration for a pyrrolidone metabolite product 10 h after dermal exposure to an aqueous dilution of 5-hydroxy-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone [ 204 , 205 ]. However, pyrrolidones have failed to achieve clinical translation due to reported adverse effects [ 195 , 206 ].…”

Section: Vaccination Into the Dermal Compartment Without Needle Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination into the Dermal Compartment: Techniques, Challenges, and Prospects

Hettinga

Carlisle

2020

Vaccines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In 2019, an ‘influenza pandemic’ and ‘vaccine hesitancy’ were listed as two of the top 10 challenges to global health by the WHO. The skin is a unique vaccination site, due to its immune-rich milieu, which is evolutionarily primed to respond to challenge, and its ability to induce both humoral and cellular immunity. Vaccination into this dermal compartment offers a way of addressing both of the challenges presented by the WHO, as well as opening up avenues for novel vaccine formulation and dose-sparing strategies to enter the clinic. This review will provide an overview of the diverse range of vaccination techniques available to target the dermal compartment, as well as their current state, challenges, and prospects, and touch upon the formulations that have been developed to maximally benefit from these new techniques. These include needle and syringe techniques, microneedles, DNA tattooing, jet and ballistic delivery, and skin permeabilization techniques, including thermal ablation, chemical enhancers, ablation, electroporation, iontophoresis, and sonophoresis.

show abstract

Section: Vaccination Into the Dermal Compartment Without Needle Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination into the Dermal Compartment: Techniques, Challenges, and Prospects

Hettinga

Carlisle

2020

Vaccines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…2007). The delay due to dermal absorption was estimated to be approximately 4 h (Keener et al, 2007;Bader et al, 2008b). Single working tasks with high exposures, such as filling or cleaning the spraying system, however, may be also carried out at the end of shift making the time of exposure an additional and independent contributing factor to higher preshift levels of 5-HNMP.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A major source of exposure to NMP at the workplace is via inhalation; however, NMP's ability to penetrate human skin suggests that dermal absorption is also a relevant route of exposure (Ursin et al, 1995;Anundi et al, 2000;Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +49-234-302-4512; fax: +49-234-302-4505; e-mail: kaefferlein@ipa-dguv.de Keener et al, 2007). For this reason, NMP and NMP-containing products and formulations have a skin notation (DFG, 2012), and biological monitoring is considered the method of choice for exposure assessment at the workplace (Bader et al, 2008b).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomonitoring of Exposure to <italic>N</italic>-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone in Workers of the Automobile Industry

Meier

Schindler

Koslitz

et al. 2013

The Annals of Occupational Hygiene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is an important organic solvent for varnishes in industry. NMP has been previously shown to be a developmental toxicant in rodents. This study reports current exposures to NMP in the spraying department of an automobile plant using biological monitoring. Two specific metabolites, 5-hydroxy-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (5-HNMP) and 2-hydroxy-N-methyl-succinimide (2-HMSI), were analyzed in 69 urine samples of 14 workers exposed to NMP and 9 nonexposed controls. Three different working tasks ('loading' and 'cleaning' of the sprayer system and 'wiping/packing' of the sprayed materials) and three sampling times (preshift, postshift, and preshift of the following day) were studied in exposed workers. Median exposures of 5-HNMP and 2-HMSI in postshift urine of exposed workers were 0.91 and 0.52mg g(-1) creatinine, respectively, whereas median levels in controls were below the limit of detection. Decreased levels of 5-HNMP were observed in preshift urine samples on the following day (0.39mg g(-1) creatinine) in exposed workers, while the concentration of 2-HMSI did not change (0.49mg g(-1) creatinine). Highest exposures occurred during sprayer cleaning with a maximum level of 8.31mg g(-1) creatinine of 5-HNMP in postshift urine. In contrast to 'wipers/packers', no decrease in 5-HNMP could be observed in preshift urine samples on day 2 of the 'loaders' and 'cleaners'. Overall, exposure in terms of 5-HNMP postshift and 2-HMSI preshift of the following day were well below the current biological limit values of the European Union (70 and 20mg g(-1) creatinine). Our results provide initial data on NMP exposure in the automobile industry and suggest that the analysis of 5-HNMP in preshift samples also provides essential information, particularly in situations involving direct handling of liquid NMP-containing formulations.

show abstract

“…NMP also has numerous applications in the electric and electronic industries. Considering good solubility both in polar and nonpolar solvents, NMP may be expected to easily permeate the biological membranes (Becci et al, ; Ursin et al, ; Payan et al, ; Bader et al, ; Keener et al, ). Values of median lethal doses LD 50 following oral administration to rats, mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits range from 3900 to 7700 mg/kg (Ansell and Fowler, ), while median lethal doses after its application to the skin of rats or rabbits range from 4000 to 10,000 mg/kg/day (Bartsch et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Reproductive Disorders in Female Rats Exposed to N‐Methyl‐2‐Pyrrolidone

Sitarek

Stetkiewicz²,

Wąsowicz³

2012

Birth Defects Research Pt B

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fertility index did not significantly differ in the control and the group exposed at 150 mg/kg/day but it was significantly lower in the groups exposed at 450 or 1000 mg/kg/day. The number of live pups in the group exposed to the highest dose was significantly lower and the number of stillbirths in litters was significantly greater. Survival of the pups from all exposed groups during the 3 weeks after birth was significantly lower than the control animals. The results of our study indicate that intragastric exposure of female rats to NMP before pregnancy during gestation causes significant impairment in female fertility and intrauterine mortality rates. At lower doses, toxic or slightly toxic to the mothers, this substance causes decrease in viability and physical development of progeny.

show abstract

Human volunteer study on the influence of exposure duration and dilution of dermally applied N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) on the urinary elimination of NMP metabolites

Cited by 33 publications

References 20 publications

Vaccination into the Dermal Compartment: Techniques, Challenges, and Prospects

Vaccination into the Dermal Compartment: Techniques, Challenges, and Prospects

Biomonitoring of Exposure to <italic>N</italic>-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone in Workers of the Automobile Industry

Evaluation of Reproductive Disorders in Female Rats Exposed to N‐Methyl‐2‐Pyrrolidone

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About