Human total, basal and activity energy expenditures are independent of ambient environmental temperature

Zhang, Xueying; Yamada, Yosuke; Sagayama, Hiroyuki; Ainslie, Philip N.; Blaak, Ellen E.; Buchowski, Maciej S.; Close, Graeme L.; Cooper, Jamie A.; Das, Sai Krupa; Dugas, Lara R.; Gurven, Michael; Hamdouchi, Asmaa El; Hu, Sumei; Joonas, Noorjehan; Katzmarzyk, Peter T.; Kraus, William E.; Kushner, Robert F.; Leonard, William R.; Martin, Corby K.; Meijer, Erwin P.; Neuhouser, Marian L.; Ojiambo, Robert; Pitsiladis, Yannis; Plasqui, Guy; Prentice, Ross L.; Racette, Susan B.; Ravussin, Éric; Redman, Leanne M.; Reynolds, Rebecca M.; Roberts, Susan B.; Sardinha, Luís B.; Silva, Analiza M.; Stice, Eric; Urlacher, Samuel S.; Mil, Edgar A. Van; Wood, Brian M.; Murphy‐Alford, Alexia J.; Loechl, Cornelia; Luke, Amy; Rood, Jennifer; Schoeller, Dale A.; Wong, William W.; Pontzer, Herman; Speakman, John R.

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.104682

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…This could have important implications for research investigating the effect of energy expenditure on obesity 17 , 55 , as there may be differences in physiological responses, such as appetite and energy intake, when the same amount of energy is expended via cold-induced thermogenesis or physical activity. Recent research suggests that environmental temperature does not affect the TEE of adults living in the United States 56 . However, the actual cold exposure experienced by the participants was unknown, the lower outdoor temperatures were limited to − 10 °C, and people were likely exposed predominantly to indoor temperatures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High daily energy expenditure of Tuvan nomadic pastoralists living in an extreme cold environment

Sellers

Khovalyg

Plasqui

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Research investigating thermoregulatory energy costs in free-living humans is limited. We determined the total energy expenditure (TEE) of Tuvan pastoralists living in an extreme cold environment and explored the contribution of physical activity and cold-induced thermogenesis. Twelve semi-nomadic pastoralists (47 ± 8 years, 64 ± 8 kg) living under traditional circumstances, in Tuva, south-central Siberia, Russia, were observed during two consecutive 6-day periods in winter. TEE was measured via the doubly labelled water technique. Skin and ambient temperatures, and physical activity were continuously monitored. The outdoor temperature during the observation period was − 27.4 ± 5.4 °C. During the daytime, the participants were exposed to ambient temperatures below 0 °C for 297 ± 131 min/day. The Tuvan pastoralists were more physically active compared to western populations (609 ± 90 min/day of light, moderate, and vigorous physical activity). In addition, TEE was 13.49 ± 1.33 MJ/day (3224 ± 318 kcal/day), which was significantly larger by 17% and 31% than predicted by body mass, and fat-free mass, respectively. Our research suggests the daily cold exposure combined with high levels of physical activity contributed to the elevated TEE. Future research should reconsider the assumption that energy costs due to thermoregulation are negligible in free-living humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High daily energy expenditure of Tuvan nomadic pastoralists living in an extreme cold environment

Sellers

Khovalyg

Plasqui

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…Humans construct microclimates using clothing and the built environment that reduce the need to thermoregulate physiologically. Recent measures of TEE in relation to external ambient temperature suggest no relationship for people living in the USA [17 ▪ ] verifying the effectiveness of these strategies in modern societies. Still, exposure to cold (and possibly, to heat) reliably increases metabolic rate, even in the absence of shivering [18].…”

Section: Thermoregulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 because BEE by definition is measured in a thermoneutral environment. Moreover, the temperatures at which we regulate buildings and our homes are on average 2–3 o C below the lower critical temperature at the lower edge of the thermoneutral zone where BMR is measured [17 ▪ ]. Hence, even in individuals that spend the majority of their time indoors, the energy they spend at rest will involve an amount spent on thermoregulation that will be erroneously attributed to physical activity.…”

Section: Thermoregulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, even in individuals that spend the majority of their time indoors, the energy they spend at rest will involve an amount spent on thermoregulation that will be erroneously attributed to physical activity. Because this indoor-regulated temperature varies with latitude [17 ▪ ], the thermoregulatory costs erroneously attributed as PAEE could obscure the actual trends of PAEE with latitude, or generate spurious associations.…”

Section: Thermoregulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantifying physical activity energy expenditure based on doubly labelled water and basal metabolism calorimetry: what are we actually measuring?

Speakman

Pontzer

2023

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition &Amp; Metabolic Care

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Purpose of review Physical activity impacts energy balance because of its contribution to total energy expenditure. Measuring physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) is often performed by subtracting the estimated 24 h expenditure on basal metabolism (called basal energy expenditure or BEE) from the total energy expenditure (TEE) measured by doubly labelled water minus an estimate of the thermic effect of food (TEF). Alternatively it can be measured as the ratio of TEE/BEE, which is commonly called the physical activity level (PAL). Recent findings PAEE and PAL are widely used in the literature but their shortcomings are seldom addressed. In this review, we outline some of the issues with their use. Summary TEE and BEE are both measured with error. The estimate of PAEE by difference magnifies these errors and consequently the precision of estimated PAEE is about 3× worse than TEE and 25–35× worse than BEE. A second problem is that the component called PAEE is actually any component of TEE that is not BEE. We highlight how the diurnal variation of BEE, thermoregulatory expenditure and elevations of RMR because of stress will all be part of what is called PAEE and will contribute to a disconnect between what is measured and what energy expenditure is a consequence of physical activity. We emphasize caution should be exerted when interpreting these measurements of PAEE and PAL.

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“…The smaller effects for these variables in high-HDI populations suggests that water needs are buffered against environmental influences through effective indoor climate control (e.g., air-conditioning). In high-HDI countries with access to air-conditioning and heating, people are exposed primarily to a narrow range of indoor temperatures (18 to 25°C) ( 19 ). By comparison, people living in low-HDI countries are more likely to be exposed to ambient environmental temperatures without climate control.…”

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confidence: 99%

Variation in human water turnover associated with environmental and lifestyle factors

Yamada

Zhang

Henderson

et al. 2022

Science

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Water is essential for survival, but one in three individuals worldwide (2.2 billion people) lacks access to safe drinking water. Water intake requirements largely reflect water turnover (WT), the water used by the body each day. We investigated the determinants of human WT in 5604 people from the ages of 8 days to 96 years from 23 countries using isotope-tracking ( 2 H) methods. Age, body size, and composition were significantly associated with WT, as were physical activity, athletic status, pregnancy, socioeconomic status, and environmental characteristics (latitude, altitude, air temperature, and humidity). People who lived in countries with a low human development index (HDI) had higher WT than people in high-HDI countries. On the basis of this extensive dataset, we provide equations to predict human WT in relation to anthropometric, economic, and environmental factors.

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Human total, basal and activity energy expenditures are independent of ambient environmental temperature

Cited by 7 publications

References 68 publications

High daily energy expenditure of Tuvan nomadic pastoralists living in an extreme cold environment

High daily energy expenditure of Tuvan nomadic pastoralists living in an extreme cold environment

Quantifying physical activity energy expenditure based on doubly labelled water and basal metabolism calorimetry: what are we actually measuring?

Variation in human water turnover associated with environmental and lifestyle factors

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