Human Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells in the Maternal–Fetal Interface. Lost Soldiers or Special Forces?

DeJong, Caitlin S.; Maurice, Nicholas J.; McCartney, Stephen A.; Prlic, Martin

doi:10.3390/cells9122699

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…It has been recently demonstrated that intranasal vaccination may stimulate the generation of virus-specific Trms in a more protective fashion than systemic vaccines [ 117 , 118 ] and may also reduce the interference with maternal antibodies in the blood. In line with that, intranasal delivery of a ChAd-SARS-CoV2-S vaccine induced a potent, local cell-mediated immunity by CD4 + and CD8 + Trm.…”

Section: The Route Of Vaccine Administration Influences Tissue-reside...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intranasal vaccination was more effective in inhibiting viral replication as compared to intramuscular delivery of the vaccine [ 119 ]. Hence, future vaccinations directly administered to the mucosa may be a powerful way to strengthen the site-specific immune response in infants [ 117 , 120 ]. Figure 3 shows a general schematic overview of the tissue-resident immunity after intramuscular in comparison with mucosal/dermal vaccination in early life.…”

Section: The Route Of Vaccine Administration Influences Tissue-reside...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunization of preterm infants: current evidence and future strategies to individualized approaches

et al. 2022

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Preterm infants are at particularly high risk for infectious diseases. As this vulnerability extends beyond the neonatal period into childhood and adolescence, preterm infants benefit greatly from infection-preventive measures such as immunizations. However, there is an ongoing discussion about vaccine safety and efficacy due to preterm infants’ distinct immunological features. A significant proportion of infants remains un- or under-immunized when discharged from primary hospital stay. Educating health care professionals and parents, promoting maternal immunization and evaluating the potential of new vaccination tools are important means to reduce the overall burden from infectious diseases in preterm infants. In this narrative review, we summarize the current knowledge about vaccinations in premature infants. We discuss the specificities of early life immunity and memory function, including the role of polyreactive B cells, restricted B cell receptor diversity and heterologous immunity mediated by a cross-reactive T cell repertoire. Recently, mechanistic studies indicated that tissue-resident memory (Trm) cell populations including T cells, B cells and macrophages are already established in the fetus. Their role in human early life immunity, however, is not yet understood. Tissue-resident memory T cells, for example, are diminished in airway tissues in neonates as compared to older children or adults. Hence, the ability to make specific recall responses after secondary infectious stimulus is hampered, a phenomenon that is transcriptionally regulated by enhanced expression of T-bet. Furthermore, the microbiome establishment is a dominant factor to shape resident immunity at mucosal surfaces, but it is often disturbed in the context of preterm birth. The proposed function of Trm T cells to remember benign interactions with the microbiome might therefore be reduced which would contribute to an increased risk for sustained inflammation. An improved understanding of Trm interactions may determine novel targets of vaccination, e.g., modulation of T-bet responses and facilitate more individualized approaches to protect preterm babies in the future.

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Section: The Route Of Vaccine Administration Influences Tissue-reside...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Route Of Vaccine Administration Influences Tissue-reside...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunization of preterm infants: current evidence and future strategies to individualized approaches

et al. 2022

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“…The composition of the decidual (human and mouse) immunome is specific to studied gestational time-points, as early pregnancy is dominated by decidual NK (dNK) cells, with few T cells observed ( 14 – 17 ). This pattern shifts in late pregnancy to one that is dominated by T cells ( 18 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering decidual leukocyte traffic with serial intravascular staining

Vazquez,

Mohamed,

Banerjee

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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The decidual immunome is dynamic, dramatically changing its composition across gestation. Early pregnancy is dominated by decidual NK cells, with a shift towards T cells later in pregnancy. However, the degree, timing, and subset-specific nature of leukocyte traffic between the decidua and systemic circulation during gestation remains poorly understood. Herein, we employed intravascular staining in pregnant C57BL/6J mice and cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) to examine leukocyte traffic into the decidual basalis during pregnancy. Timed-mated or virgin mice were tail-vein injected with labelled αCD45 antibodies 24 hours and 5 minutes before sacrifice. Pregnant cynomolgus macaques (GD155) were infused with labelled αCD45 at 2 hours or 5 mins before necropsy. Decidual cells were isolated and resulting suspensions analyzed by flow cytometry. We found that the proportion of intravascular (IVAs)-negative leukocytes (cells labeled by the 24h infusion of αCD45 or unlabeled) decreased across murine gestation while recent immigrants (24h label only) increased in mid- to late-gestation. In the cynomolgus model our data confirmed differential labeling of decidual leukocytes by the infused antibody, with the 5 min infused animal having a higher proportion of IVAs+ cells compared to the 2hr infused animal. Decidual tissue sections from both macaques showed the presence of intravascularly labeled cells, either in proximity to blood vessels (5min infused animal) or deeper into decidual stroma (2hr infused animal). These results demonstrate the value of serial intravascular staining as a sensitive tool for defining decidual leukocyte traffic during pregnancy.

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“…Pregnancy is still often referred to as an “immunosuppressed condition”, but studies examining autoimmune diseases (which can get better, worse, or stay the same during pregnancy), infections and vaccine responses do not support such a blanket statement. In the context of pregnancy, the T RM compartment in the upper FRT (reviewed in 123 and 124 ) may at first seem most relevant. However, changes in the lower FRT during pregnancy may also bear relevance for both maternal and fetal health.…”

Section: Defining T Cell Function In the Human Frt—accounting For Sex...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and challenges in studying the tissue‐resident T cell compartment in the human female reproductive tract

Lund

Hladik

Prlic

2023

Immunological Reviews

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Summary Tissue‐resident memory T cells (TRM) are considered to be central to maintaining mucosal barrier immunity and tissue homeostasis. Most of this knowledge stems from murine studies, which provide access to all organs. These studies also allow for a thorough assessment of the TRM compartment for each tissue and across tissues with well‐defined experimental and environmental variables. Assessing the functional characteristics of the human TRM compartment is substantially more difficult; thus, notably, there is a paucity of studies profiling the TRM compartment in the human female reproductive tract (FRT). The FRT is a mucosal barrier tissue that is naturally exposed to a wide range of commensal and pathogenic microbes, including several sexually transmitted infections of global health significance. We provide an overview of studies describing T cells within the lower FRT tissues and highlight the challenges of studying TRM cells in the FRT: different sampling methods of the FRT greatly affect immune cell recovery, especially of TRM cells. Furthermore, menstrual cycle, menopause, and pregnancy affect FRT immunity, but little is known about changes in the TRM compartment. Finally, we discuss the potential functional plasticity of the TRM compartment during inflammatory episodes in the human FRT to maintain protection and tissue homeostasis, which are required to ensure reproductive fitness.

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Human Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells in the Maternal–Fetal Interface. Lost Soldiers or Special Forces?

Cited by 5 publications

References 99 publications

Immunization of preterm infants: current evidence and future strategies to individualized approaches

Immunization of preterm infants: current evidence and future strategies to individualized approaches

Deciphering decidual leukocyte traffic with serial intravascular staining

Advances and challenges in studying the tissue‐resident T cell compartment in the human female reproductive tract

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