Human tissue color as viewed in high dynamic range optical spectral transmission measurements

Petrov, Georgi I.; Doronin, Alexander; Whelan, Harry T.; Meglinski, Igor; Yakovlev, Vladislav V.

doi:10.1364/boe.3.002154

Cited by 59 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…Data from adults were used due to an absence of published data for neonates at NIR wavelengths. A simplified form of Meglinski’s equation model for determining μ a of the tissue layer was [22–24];…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near infrared spectroscopy for body fat sensing in neonates: quantitative analysis by GAMOS simulations

2017

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BackgroundUnder-nutrition in neonates is closely linked to low body fat percentage. Undernourished neonates are exposed to immediate mortality as well as unwanted health impacts in their later life including obesity and hypertension. One potential low cost approach for obtaining direct measurements of body fat is near-infrared (NIR) interactance. The aims of this study were to model the effect of varying volume fractions of melanin and water in skin over NIR spectra, and to define sensitivity of NIR reflection on changes of thickness of subcutaneous fat. GAMOS simulations were used to develop two single fat layer models and four complete skin models over a range of skin colour (only for four skin models) and hydration within a spectrum of 800–1100 nm. The thickness of the subcutaneous fat was set from 1 to 15 mm in 1 mm intervals in each model.ResultsVarying volume fractions of water in skin resulted minimal changes of NIR intensity at ranges of wavelengths from 890 to 940 nm and from 1010 to 1100 nm. Variation of the melanin volume in skin meanwhile was found to strongly influence the NIR intensity and sensitivity. The NIR sensitivities and NIR intensity over thickness of fat decreased from the Caucasian skin to African skin throughout the range of wavelengths. For the relationship between the NIR reflection and the thickness of subcutaneous fat, logarithmic relationship was obtained.ConclusionsThe minimal changes of NIR intensity values at wavelengths within the ranges from 890 to 940 nm and from 1010 to 1100 nm to variation of volume fractions of water suggests that wavelengths within those two ranges are considered for use in measurement of body fat to solve the variation of hydration in neonates. The stronger influence of skin colour on NIR shows that the melanin effect needs to be corrected by an independent measurement or by a modeling approach. The logarithmic response obtained with higher sensitivity at the lower range of thickness of fat suggests that implementation of NIRS may be suited for detecting under-nutrition and monitoring nutritional interventions for malnutrition in neonates in resource-constrained communities.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12938-016-0310-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near infrared spectroscopy for body fat sensing in neonates: quantitative analysis by GAMOS simulations

2017

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“…oxy/deoxy‐hemoglobin, melanin, etc.) absorbing the light and determining tissue color . Depending on the wavelength, the imaging depth may reach up to 2 nm for 1300 nm in human skin .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging of subchondral bone by optical coherence tomography upon optical clearing of articular cartilage

et al. 2015

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Optical clearing is an effective method to reduce light scattering of biological tissues that provides significant enhancement of light penetration into the biological tissues making non-invasive diagnosis more feasible. In current report Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) in conjunction with optical clearing is applied for assessment of deep cartilage layers and cartilage-bone interface. The solution of Iohexol in water has been used as an optical clearing agent. The cartilage-bone boundary becomes visible after 15 min of optical clearing that enabling non-invasive estimation of its roughness: Sa = 10 ± 1 µm. The results show that for 0.9 mm thick cartilage optical clearing is stopped after 50 min with an increase of refractive index from 1.386 ± 0.008 to 1.510 ± 0.009. Current approach enables more reliable detection of arthroscopically inaccessible regions, including cartilage-bone boundary and subchondral bone, and potentially improves accuracy of the osteoarthritis diagnosis.

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“…The feature of a particular probe's geometry, variations in spatial distribution of blood, melanin, index of blood oxygen saturation, hematocrit, volume fraction of water, as well as the numerical aperture and the detector positioning at the surface of the finger, were taken into account in a similar manner, as described earlier. 19 The results of MC modeling are shown in Fig. 1 in the scale of a human finger.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined use of laser Doppler flowmetry and skin thermometry for functional diagnostics of intradermal finger vessels

et al. 2017

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We introduce a noninvasive diagnostic approach for functional monitoring of blood microflows in capillaries and thermoregulatory vessels within the skin. The measuring system is based on the combined use of laser Doppler flowmetry and skin contact thermometry. The obtained results suggest that monitoring of blood microcirculation during the occlusion, performed in conjunction with the skin temperature measurements in the thermally stabilized medium, has a great potential for quantitative assessment of angiospatic dysfunctions of the peripheral blood vessels. The indices of blood flow reserve and temperature response were measured and used as the primarily parameters of the functional diagnostics of the peripheral vessels of skin. Utilizing these parameters, a simple phenomenological model has been suggested to identify patients with angiospastic violations in the vascular system.

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Human tissue color as viewed in high dynamic range optical spectral transmission measurements

Cited by 59 publications

References 19 publications

Near infrared spectroscopy for body fat sensing in neonates: quantitative analysis by GAMOS simulations

Near infrared spectroscopy for body fat sensing in neonates: quantitative analysis by GAMOS simulations

Imaging of subchondral bone by optical coherence tomography upon optical clearing of articular cartilage

Combined use of laser Doppler flowmetry and skin thermometry for functional diagnostics of intradermal finger vessels

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