Human temporal lobes have been reorganized: A response to Pearson et al, “updated imaging and phylogenetic comparative methods reassess relative temporal lobe size in anthropoids and modern humans”

Rilling, James K.

doi:10.1002/ajpa.24798

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 25 publications

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“…Of the cortical regions that showed the greatest connectivity divergence, the temporal lobe merits special attention due to the significant changes that have been described in this region over primate evolution 20,[75][76][77][78] . Although the temporal cortex does not show as much cortical expansion as the frontal cortex, there was a significant connectivity difference between chimpanzees and humans in the temporal cortex.…”

Section: Connectivity Divergence Between Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Human-Chimpanzee Divergence in Brain Connectivity and its Genetic Correlates

Wang,

Cheng,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are humans’ closest living evolutionary relatives, making them the most directly relevant comparison point for understanding human brain evolution. By zeroing in on the differences in brain connectivity between humans and chimpanzees, it can provide key insights into the specific evolutionary changes that occurred along the human lineage. However, conducting fair comparisons of brain connectivity between humans and chimpanzees remains challenging, as cross-species brain atlases established within the same framework are currently lacking. Without the availability of cross-species brain atlases, the region-wise connectivity patterns between humans and chimpanzees cannot be directly compared. To address this gap, we built the first Chimpanzee Brainnetome Atlas (ChimpBNA) by following the well-established connectivity-based parcellation framework. Leveraging this new resource, we found substantial divergence in connectivity patterns across most association cortices, notably in the lateral temporal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex between the two species. Intriguingly, these patterns significantly deviate from the expected cortical expansion during brain evolution. Additionally, we identified regions displaying connectional asymmetries between species, likely resulting from evolutionary divergence. Genes associated with these divergent connectivities were found to be enriched in cell types crucial for cortical projection circuits and synapse formation. These genes exhibited more pronounced differences in expression patterns in regions with higher connectivity divergence, suggesting a potential foundation for brain connectivity evolution. Therefore, our study not only provides a fine-scale brain atlas of chimpanzees but also highlights the connectivity divergence between humans and chimpanzees in a more rigorous and comparative manner and suggests potential genetic underpinnings for the observed divergence in brain connectivity patterns between the two species. This can help us better understand the origins and development of uniquely human cognitive capabilities.

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Section: Connectivity Divergence Between Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Human-Chimpanzee Divergence in Brain Connectivity and its Genetic Correlates

Wang,

Cheng,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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A comparative anatomical network analysis of the human and chimpanzee brains

Schuurman,

Bruner

2024

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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Spatial interactions among anatomical elements help to identify topological factors behind morphological variation and can be investigated through network analysis. Here, a whole‐brain network model of the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes, Blumenbach 1776) is presented, based on macroanatomical divisions, and compared with a previous equivalent model of the human brain. The goal was to contrast which regions are essential in the geometric balance of the brains of the two species, to compare underlying phenotypic patterns of spatial variation, and to understand how these patterns might have influenced the evolution of human brain morphology. The human and chimpanzee brains share morphologically complex inferior‐medial regions and a topological organization that matches the spatial constraints exerted by the surrounding braincase. These shared topological features are interesting because they can be traced back to the Chimpanzee‐Human Last Common Ancestor, 7–10 million years ago. Nevertheless, some key differences are found in the human and chimpanzee brains. In humans, the temporal lobe, particularly its deep and medial limbic aspect (the parahippocampal gyrus), is a crucial node for topological complexity. Meanwhile, in chimpanzees, the cerebellum is, in this sense, more embedded in an intricate spatial position. This information helps to interpret brain macroanatomical change in fossil hominids.

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An inclusive anatomical network analysis of human craniocerebral topology

Schuurman,

Bruner

2024

Journal of Anatomy

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The human brain's complex morphology is spatially constrained by numerous intrinsic and extrinsic physical interactions. Spatial constraints help to identify the source of morphological variability and can be investigated by employing anatomical network analysis. Here, a model of human craniocerebral topology is presented, based on the bony elements of the skull at birth and a previously designed model of the brain. The goal was to investigate the topological components fundamental to the craniocerebral geometric balance, to identify underlying phenotypic patterns of spatial arrangement, and to understand how these patterns might have influenced the evolution of human brain morphology. Analysis of the craniocerebral network model revealed that the combined structure of the body and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone, the parahippocampal gyrus, and the parietal and ethmoid bones are susceptible to sustain and apply major spatial constraints that are likely to limit or channel their morphological evolution. The results also showcase a high level of global integration and efficient diffusion of biomechanical forces across the craniocerebral system, a fundamental aspect of morphological variability in terms of plasticity. Finally, community detection in the craniocerebral system highlights the concurrence of a longitudinal and a vertical modular partition. The former reflects the distinct morphogenetic environments of the three endocranial fossae, while the latter corresponds to those of the basicranium and calvaria.

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Human temporal lobes have been reorganized: A response to Pearson et al, “updated imaging and phylogenetic comparative methods reassess relative temporal lobe size in anthropoids and modern humans”

Cited by 3 publications

References 25 publications

Comparative Analysis of Human-Chimpanzee Divergence in Brain Connectivity and its Genetic Correlates

Comparative Analysis of Human-Chimpanzee Divergence in Brain Connectivity and its Genetic Correlates

A comparative anatomical network analysis of the human and chimpanzee brains

An inclusive anatomical network analysis of human craniocerebral topology

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