Human tear metabolome

Muñoz-Hernández, A.M.; Galbis-Estrada, Carmen; Santos-Bueso, E.; Cuiña‐Sardiña, Ricardo; Díaz-Valle, D.; Gegúndez-Fernández, J.A.; Pinazo-Durán,; Benítez-del-Castillo, J.M.

doi:10.1016/j.oftale.2015.09.007

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Analyses have been performed on tear fluid [23,[29][30][31][32] , aqueous humor [24,25,33,34] , vitreous humor [20,26,27,35,36] , cornea [37][38][39] , conjunctiva [40] , and lens [41,42] samples.…”

Section: Metabolomics In Ophthalmologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Metabolomics and Glaucoma

Breda

Himmelreich²,

Ghesquière³

et al. 2017

Ophthalmic Res

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Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. However, there are no biomarkers that accurately help clinicians perform an early diagnosis or detect patients with a high risk of progression. Metabolomics is the study of all metabolites in an organism, and it has the potential to provide a biomarker. This review summarizes the findings of metabolomics in glaucoma patients and explains why this field is promising for new research. We identified published studies that focused on metabolomics and ophthalmology. After providing an overview of metabolomics in ophthalmology, we focused on human glaucoma studies. Five studies have been conducted in glaucoma patients and all compared patients to healthy controls. Using mass spectrometry, significant differences were found in blood plasma in the metabolic pathways that involve palmitoylcarnitine, sphingolipids, vitamin D-related compounds, and steroid precursors. For nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, a high glutamine-glutamate/creatine ratio was found in the vitreous and lateral geniculate body; no differences were detected in the optic radiations, and a lower N-acetylaspartate/choline ratio was observed in the geniculocalcarine and striate areas. Metabolomics can move glaucoma care towards a personalized approach and provide new knowledge concerning the pathophysiology of glaucoma, which can lead to new therapeutic options.

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Section: Metabolomics In Ophthalmologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Metabolomics and Glaucoma

Breda

Himmelreich²,

Ghesquière³

et al. 2017

Ophthalmic Res

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“…For reflex tear collection from all participants, the inferior meniscus of both eyes was gently rubbed with a Pasteur micro-pipette, collecting 20- to 30-μL tear samples (Fig. 3), as previously described [17, 18, 20, 30]. In 16% of our cases, it was necessary to repeat the collecting procedures the following day to obtain 2 sets of tears from the same patient.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tear samples were analyzed by 1 H NMR spectroscopy at the Faculty of Medicine and Odontology of the University of Valencia (Spain) and by the Institute of Research in Molecular Recognition and Technologic Development of the Polytechnic University of Valencia (Spain) in accordance with previous reports [13-18, 30-32]. For NMR analysis, 20 µL of tear was mixed with 2.5 µL of 90 mM sodium-3-trimethylsilylpropionate- 2,2,3,3-d4 (TSP) in deuterium oxide.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We only considered peaks that appear in at least 60% of the spectra reducing the chance of these peaks belonging to the noise. Resonances were assigned according to the Human Metabolome Database (http://www.hmdb.ca/) and were based on the characteristic cross-peak from previously mentioned 2D spectra, as in earlier reports with human tears [13-15, 17, 18, 30-32]. The multiple variables analyzed during the metabolomic procedures make it necessary to ensure the accuracy of all obtained data [20, 33-35].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tear <sup>1</sup>H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Based Metabolomics Application to the Molecular Diagnosis of Aqueous Tear Deficiency and Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

et al. 2020

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Purpose: Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a major cause of signs and symptoms related to dry eyes (DE) and eyelid inflammation. We investigated the composition of human tears by metabolomic approaches in patients with aqueous tear deficiency and MGD. Methods: Participants in this prospective, case-control pilot study were split into patients with aqueous tear deficiency and MGD (DE-MGD [n = 15]) and healthy controls (CG; n = 20). Personal interviews, ocular surface disease index (OSDI), and ophthalmic examinations were performed. Reflex tears collected by capillarity were processed to ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and quantitative data analysis to identify molecules by spectra comparison to library entries of purified standards and/or unknown entities. Statistical analyses were made by the SPSS 22.0 program. Results: Chemometric analysis and ¹H NMR spectra comparison revealed the presence of 60 metabolites in tears. Differentiating features were evident in the NMR spectra of the 2 clinical groups, characterized by significant upregulation of phenylalanine, glycerol, and isoleucine, and downregulation of glycoproteins, leucine, and –CH₃ lipids, as compared to the CG. The ¹H NMR metabolomic analyses of human tears confirmed the applicability of this platform with high predictive accuracy/reliability. Conclusions: Our key distinctive findings support that DE-MGD induces tear metabolomics profile changes. Metabolites contributing to a higher separation from the CG can presumably be used, in the foreseeable future, as DE-MGD biomarkers for better managing the diagnosis and therapy of this disease.

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“…Metabolomic profiling provides a practical approach to personalized ophthalmology and has great potential for biomarker discovery for various eye diseases including glaucoma [22][23][24] , age-related macular degeneration 25,26 , diabetic retinopathy 27 , keratoconus 28 , retinal detachment 29 , uveitis 30 , dry eye 31 , and other ocular diseases. Tear fluid 28,32 , aqueous and vitreous humor [33][34][35] , cornea 36 , conjunctiva 37 , and lens 38 samples can be used for metabolomic analysis.…”

Section: Applications Of Metabolomics In Ophthalmologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic analysis in ophthalmology

Nazifova-Tasinova

Radeva

Galunska

et al. 2020

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub

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Modern science takes into account phenotype complexity and establishes approaches to track changes on every possible level. Many "omics" studies have been developed over the last decade. Metabolomic analysis enables dynamic measurement of the metabolic response of a living system to a variety of stimuli or genetic modifications. Important targets of metabolomics is biomarker development and translation to the clinic for personalized diagnosis and a greater understanding of disease pathogenesis. The current review highlights the major aspects of metabolomic analysis and its applications for the identification of relevant predictive, diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for some ocular diseases including dry eye, keratoconus, retinal diseases, macular degeneration, and glaucoma. To date, possible biomarker candidates for dry eye disease are lipid metabolites and androgens, for keratoconus cytokeratins, urea, citrate cycle, and oxidative stress metabolites. Palmitoylcarnitine, sphingolipids, vitamin D related metabolites, and steroid precursors may be used for distinguishing glaucoma patients from healthy controls. Dysregulation of amino acid and carnitine metabolism is critical in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy. Further work is needed to discover and validate metabolic biomarkers as a powerful tool for understanding the molecular mechanisms of ocular diseases, to provide knowledge on their etiology and pathophysiology and opportunities for personalized clinical intervention at an early stage.

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Human tear metabolome

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

Clinical Metabolomics and Glaucoma

Clinical Metabolomics and Glaucoma

Tear <sup>1</sup>H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Based Metabolomics Application to the Molecular Diagnosis of Aqueous Tear Deficiency and Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

Metabolomic analysis in ophthalmology

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