“…Conversely, teams of operators might command teams of robots more efficiently if robots' needs for interaction could be scheduled across operators. A recent experiment (Wang et al, 2009b) showed that without additional automation, operators commanding 24 robots were slightly more effective controlling 12 independently. In a planned experiment we will compare these two conditions with navigation automated.…”
“…Conversely, teams of operators might command teams of robots more efficiently if robots' needs for interaction could be scheduled across operators. A recent experiment (Wang et al, 2009b) showed that without additional automation, operators commanding 24 robots were slightly more effective controlling 12 independently. In a planned experiment we will compare these two conditions with navigation automated.…”
“…Poor camera placement and video quality can also contribute to impaired operator performance (Hughes & Lewis 2004). Due to the difficulty in providing a rich enough data set to operators, much of the focus of recent work has been to design the human out of the operation altogether by designing robots that can navigate autonomously (Chien et al 2010;Worrall, 2008;Hughes & Lewis, 2004;Ruangpayoongsak et al, 2005;Goodrich et al 2001;Lewis et al 2003;Wang et al 2009;Kitano et al 1999). However, both human perception and problem solving abilities are vital in successful search and rescue.…”
This study investigated the navigational approaches used by humans when operating a simple tele-robot in a simulated search and rescue operation. Tele-robots are being increasingly used in safety-critical operations. During tele-operation, the situational awareness of tele-robot operators needs to be supported. Navigation depends on psychological skills of perception and cognition, and can utlize different problem solving strategies. However, there is limited knowledge of how operators develop situational awareness while navigating tele-robots. The study was conducted to understand if there were distinctive, identifiable strategies in the way operators navigated. When participants manually tele-operated a robot in a remote physical environment, two distinct navigation strategies were found (labeled driver method and searcher method). The result of this work can be used to inform the design of human-centric tele-robot navigational algorithms that can support a variety of human navigation strategies.
INTRODUCTIONTele operated robots (tele-robots) are increasingly used as integral members of teams conducting safety-critical missions, such as urban search and rescue operations (Yanco and Drury 2004). For instance, search and rescue tele-robots are sent into the disaster area to act as the remote eyes of the team and are operated manually by an operator stationed outside of the disaster area Ruangpayoongsak et al. 2005).
“…By necessity, many of these research efforts have emphasized platform development [1], [2], [3], use cases [4], [5], and control algorithms for coordinated behaviors [6], [7], [8]. As the numbers of coordinating UAVs has increased, however, additional factors affecting UAV swarms have received increasing attention including human factors associated with control of large swarms [9], [10], logistical aspects of maintaining and deploying these systems [11], and multi-vehicle coordination in the face of communications limits [12], [13]. Inter-vehicle communication can be a particularly vexing problem with regards to coordination for UAV swarms.…”
Abstract-Increasing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) capabilities and decreasing costs have facilitated growing interest in the development of large, multi-UAV systems, or swarms. The constrained communications environments in which these swarms operate, however, have limited the development of behaviors that require a high degree of deliberative coordination. This work presents two algorithms that use a consensusalgorithm approach to reliably exchange information throughout large swarms as a means of facilitating swarm behavior coordination. Results from experiments conducted in simulation and live-fly exercises are presented and discussed.
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