Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Open Reading Frame II-Encoded p30 ^II Is Required for In Vivo Replication: Evidence of In Vivo Reversion

Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1 nonstructural genes and their functions

“…The fact that these human retroviruses have evolved a similar strategy to suppress their expression is an example of host adaptation that is also exploited by DNA viruses. The current model suggests that p30 IImediated reduction of virus expression may be necessary to avoid immune recognition during viral replication and is consistent with in vivo studies showing that selective ablation of p30 II from an HTLV-1 molecular clone compromises establishment of persistent infection and results in much lower proviral loads (Silverman et al, 2004).…”

Animal models for human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection and transformation

“…It was demonstrated that the lethally irradiated ACH cell line successfully establishes infection in the PBMCs of rabbits (Collins et al, 1996). Subsequently, ACH clones with mutations within the ORF encoding the HTLV-1 accessory proteins, p12 I , p13 II , and p30 II , were generated (Robek et al, 1998), and inoculated into rabbits to demonstrate the necessity of these accessory proteins for establishment of infection and maintenance of proviral loads (Collins et al, 1998;Bartoe et al, 2000;Silverman et al, 2004). The necessity of the Rex protein for in vivo infection has also recently been demonstrated in the rabbit model (Ye et al, 2003).…”

Comparative biology of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and HTLV-2

“…The functional roles of these proteins in HTLV biology are not clearly understood. However, studies have indicated that they are dispensable for infection and transformation of activated T cells in vitro (Green et al, 1995;Derse et al, 1997), but are important for the ability of the virus to infect, spread, and persist in vivo (Cockerell et al, 1996;Collins et al, 1998;Bartoe et al, 2000;Silverman et al, 2004). This review will discuss important aspects of HTLV biology highlighting differences between HTLV-1 and HTLV-2.…”