Human Strength Curves

Kulig, Kornelia; Andrews, James G.; Hay, James G.

doi:10.1249/00003677-198401000-00014

Cited by 217 publications

(159 citation statements)

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“…Specifically, maximal isometric force for the hip flexor and hip extensor muscles occurred at 30 deg and 45 deg of hip flexion respectively [49]. Maximal knee flexor and knee extensor force occurred at 5 deg knee extension and 60 deg knee flexion [50]. For the plantar flexors, maximal isometric force occurred at 15 deg dorsiflexion [51], while the dorsi flexors produced maximum force at 15 deg plantar flexion [52].…”

Section: Equations Of Motionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Development and Validation of a 3-D Model to Predict Knee Joint Loading During Dynamic Movement

McLean

Bogert

2003

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

211

180

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Section: Equations Of Motionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Development and Validation of a 3-D Model to Predict Knee Joint Loading During Dynamic Movement

McLean

Bogert

2003

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

211

180

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“…In a previous study it was shown that Hatze's (1981) model of activation dynamics provides a good description of the effect of sarcomere length on the sensitivity of myofilaments to Ca 2+ (LDCS) and the shift in optimum l CE with (sub-maximal) muscle stimulation level (Kistemaker et al 2005). In the present study, this model was combined with the optimum lengths of the muscles crossing the elbow joint, the maximal isometric forces, the moment arm-angle relationships and the angles at which the muscles are at optimum length as reported in the literature, to end up with isometric moment-angle relationships of the model that were similar to those reported by Singh and Karpovitch (1968); Kullig et al (1984); Van Zuylen et al (1988); An et al (1989) and Chang et al (1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Moment arms (arm) were related to joint angle on the basis of the relationship between the length of the muscle-tendon complex (l MTC ) and joint angle (Nijhof and Kouwenhoven 2000;Murray et al 1995), measured using the tendon displacement method (Grieve et al 1978). The muscle parameter width (see Appendix) was chosen such that the isometric elbow moment-angle relationship at maximal stimulation was in accordance with that observed experimentally (Singh and Karpovitch 1968;Kullig et al 1984;Van Zuylen et al 1988;An et al 1989;Chang et al 1999). Other non-specific muscle parameters were obtained from Van Soest and Bobbert (1993).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A model of open-loop control of equilibrium position and stiffness of the human elbow joint

2006

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According to the equilibrium point theory, the control of posture and movement involves the setting of equilibrium joint positions (EP) and the independent modulation of stiffness. One model of EP control, the α-model, posits that stable EPs and stiffness are set open-loop, i.e. without the aid of feedback. The purpose of the present study was to explore for the elbow joint the range over which stable EPs can be set open-loop and to investigate the effect of co-contraction on intrinsic low-frequency elbow joint stiffness (K ilf ). For this purpose, a model of the upper and lower arm was constructed, equipped with Hill-type muscles. At a constant neural input, the isometric force of the contractile element of the muscles depended on both the myofilamentary overlap and the effect of sarcomere length on the sensitivity of myofilaments to [Ca 2+ ] (LDCS). The musculoskeletal model, for which the parameters were chosen carefully on the basis of physiological literature, captured the salient isometric properties of the muscles spanning the elbow joint. It was found that stable open-loop EPs could be achieved over the whole range of motion of the elbow joint and that K ilf , which ranged from 18 to 42 N m·rad −1 , could be independently controlled. In the model, LDCS contributed substantially to K ilf (up to 25 N m·rad −1 ) and caused K ilf to peak at a sub-maximal level of co-contraction.

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“…According to Kuling, et al, (1984), however, there is a lack of any appreciable change in the shoulder extension strength in any shoulder joint angles and the elbow extension strength shows its peak at from 100°to 120 of the elbow joint angle. This implies that the difference in the range of joint movement had no affect on the results of this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mechanism for Power Output of the Upper Limbs During Overhead Throw with Stretch-Shortening Cycle

Tauchi

Kubo

Byun

et al. 2005

Int. J. Sport Health Sci.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) on power output in overhead throwing and on the behavior of shoulder extensor muscles by means of kinematics, kinetics and EMG. Thirteen healthy men performed two kinds of medicine ball throw; concentric throw (CT) without SSC and rebound throw (RT) with SSC. All throws were videotaped using a high-speed camera. Kinematics and kinetics such as joint angle, joint torque and joint torque power of the upper limbs were calculated utilizing the inverse dynamics approach. The EMG activities of trapezius, latissimus dorsi, deltoid, pectoralis major and triceps brachii muscles were recorded using surface electrodes. Mean ball power in RT was significantly higher than that in CT. There was a significant correlation between augmentation of mean ball power and that of mean shoulder joint torque power in RT compared with CT. The EMG activities of pectoralis major and triceps brachii muscles showed nearly no activity during the shoulder flexion phase. These results suggest that although enhancement of power by overhead throwing using upper limb muscles was mainly caused by the enhancement of shoulder joint torque power, the shoulder extensor muscles are not eccentrically contracted but passively stretched during shoulder flexion phase in throwing. This finding contradicts a previously proposed mechanism of power enhancement in SSC.

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Human Strength Curves

Cited by 217 publications

References 0 publications

Development and Validation of a 3-D Model to Predict Knee Joint Loading During Dynamic Movement

Development and Validation of a 3-D Model to Predict Knee Joint Loading During Dynamic Movement

A model of open-loop control of equilibrium position and stiffness of the human elbow joint

A Mechanism for Power Output of the Upper Limbs During Overhead Throw with Stretch-Shortening Cycle

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