2001
DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(01)00222-1
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Human squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck chemoattract immune suppressive CD34+ progenitor cells

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Cited by 78 publications
(38 citation statements)
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“…In healthy mice, Gr1 ϩ CD11b ϩ cells differentiate into these normal cell types. However, under chronic inflammatory conditions 1 during periods of stress, 36 in aged persons, 37 and in persons with infections, 38 cancer, 39,40 or autoimmunity, 41 MDSC levels are elevated. Proinflammatory mediators such as IL-1␤, 11,12 PGE 2 , 14,15 IL-6, 13,42 complement component C5a, 43 VEGF, 20 and GM-CSF 17 are inducers of MDSCs.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In healthy mice, Gr1 ϩ CD11b ϩ cells differentiate into these normal cell types. However, under chronic inflammatory conditions 1 during periods of stress, 36 in aged persons, 37 and in persons with infections, 38 cancer, 39,40 or autoimmunity, 41 MDSC levels are elevated. Proinflammatory mediators such as IL-1␤, 11,12 PGE 2 , 14,15 IL-6, 13,42 complement component C5a, 43 VEGF, 20 and GM-CSF 17 are inducers of MDSCs.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…6, 7). MDSCs are found in increased levels in the blood of patients diagnosed with different cancer types, including head and neck, breast, non-small cell lung, renal, pancreatic, esophageal, gastric cancers, and melanoma (8)(9)(10)(11)(12). MDSCs, a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells, are capable of interfering with tumor immunity and promoting tumor growth by inhibiting natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity and CD4 þ and CD8 þ T-cell activation, as well as the activation and attraction of regulatory T cells (Treg), but their actual contribution in the performance of anticancer vaccines is largely unknown (13)(14)(15)(16).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[9][10][11][12] An expansion of immature myeloid cells with immune suppressive capacity is evident in the peripheral blood (PB) of patients bearing tumors of various types. 13,14 Because a defective immune response allows tumors to evade host immune control, these issues assume importance in the immunotherapy of cancer. 15 Increased numbers of myeloid cells expressing the Gr-1 (Ly6G) and Mac-1 (CD11b) markers have been detected in the spleen and bone marrow (BM) of mice bearing transplantable tumors 12,[16][17][18][19][20] and in many conditions associated with impaired immune reactivity, such as cyclophosphamide treatment, 21 severe Trypanosoma infections, 22 lymphoid irradiation, and intensive immunization protocols.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%