Human sperm competition: ejaculate adjustment by males and the function of masturbation (1993)

Baker, R. Robin; Bellis, Mark A

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-28039-4_10

Cited by 8 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Women’s preferences for men’s attractiveness are predicted by the different phases of their menstrual cycle, thereby increasing the probability of conception (e.g., the follicular phase, Days 6–14; Baker & Bellis, 1995; Rantala et al, 2010; Regan, 1996; Thornhill & Gangestad, 1999; Wilcox, Dunson, Weinberg, Trussell, & Baird, 2001). If there are perceived fitness advantages to women’s future offspring, one would predict that women would be selective to phenotypical traits that advertise good genes (e.g., symmetry, muscularity, and masculinity), especially during the most fertile phase of the menstrual cycle.…”

Section: Conceptive Risk In Mate Preferencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Eye Tracking Examination of Men’s Attractiveness by Conceptive Risk Women

2017

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Previous research has indicated that women prefer men who exhibit an android physical appearance where fat distribution is deposited on the upper body (i.e., shoulders and arms) and abdomen. This ideal physical shape has been associated with perceived dominance, health, and immunocompetence. Although research has investigated attractability of men with these ideal characteristics, research on how women visually perceive these characteristics is limited. The current study investigated visual perception and attraction toward men in Hispanic women of Mexican American descent. Women exposed to a front-posed image, where the waist-to-chest ratio (WCR) and hair distribution were manipulated, rated men's body image associated with upper body strength (low WCR 0.7) as more attractive. Additionally, conceptive risk did not play a strong role in attractiveness and visual attention. Hair distribution did not contribute to increased ratings of attraction but did contribute to visual attraction when measuring total time where men with both facial and body hair were viewed longer. These findings suggest that physical characteristics in men exhibiting upper body strength and dominance are strong predictors of visual attraction.

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Section: Conceptive Risk In Mate Preferencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Eye Tracking Examination of Men’s Attractiveness by Conceptive Risk Women

2017

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“…Furthermore, they argue that the shape of the glans is consistent with this envisaged scenario of sperm competition, in that the thrusting of a later male draws the semen of his earlier rival away from the cervix. Specifically, they argue that because the base of the glans, the coronal ridge, is wider than the shaft of the penis this makes it effective as a semen displacement device [2].…”

Section: The Semen-displacement Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, in the course of making a case for the semen-displacement hypothesis, Baker and Bellis note certain traits that can be usefully transferred to the new hypothesis. They note that within "less than a minute of insemination into the upper vagina, the human ejaculate coagulates to form a soft, spongy structure... After about 10-20 min, the structure decoagulates and, at least in part, is eventually ejected in flowback" [2] (p. 188). They calculate the median time from ejaculation to flowback is 30 minutes, at which event, approximately 35% of sperm are ejected [2] (p. 45).…”

Section: An Alternative Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They note that within "less than a minute of insemination into the upper vagina, the human ejaculate coagulates to form a soft, spongy structure... After about 10-20 min, the structure decoagulates and, at least in part, is eventually ejected in flowback" [2] (p. 188). They calculate the median time from ejaculation to flowback is 30 minutes, at which event, approximately 35% of sperm are ejected [2] (p. 45). They note that the concentration of sperm decreases from the first part of the ejaculate to the last.…”

Section: An Alternative Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They note that the concentration of sperm decreases from the first part of the ejaculate to the last. "The first part of the human ejaculate is dominated by fluids from the prostate and Cowper's gland and the later parts by fluids from the seminal vesicle" [2] (p. 91); [11]. The fluids from the prostate encourage decoagulation, whereas fluids from the seminal vesicle, which are more dominant in the final ejaculate, encourage coagulation.…”

Section: An Alternative Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Evolutionary Advantage of the Human Glans Penis

Leach

2023

Humans

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To account for the bell- or acorn-shaped glans penis, in 1995 Baker and Bellis put forward their ‘semen-displacement hypothesis’. They argued that the existence of the glans penis is indicative of a promiscuous phase in our evolutionary past, in which females would commonly mate with several males in rapid succession. They argued that within this promiscuous scenario the distinctive shape of the glans penis evolved so as to enable the displacement of rival males’ semen. The idea that there was an influential promiscuous phase in our evolutionary past has faced several powerful criticisms that are here briefly reviewed. However, the critics of the semen-displacement hypothesis have not put forward an alternative evolutionary explanation of the glans penis. I try to redress that here, albeit speculatively. I suggest an alternative hypothesis that may more convincingly account for the shape and texture of the human glans penis.

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Human Sexual Conflict from Molecules to Culture

Gorelik

Shackelford

2011

Evol Psychol

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Coevolutionary arms races between males and females have equipped both sexes with mutually manipulative and defensive adaptations. These adaptations function to benefit individual reproductive interests at the cost of the reproductive interests of oppositesex mates, and arise from evolutionary dynamics such as parental investment (unequal reproductive costs between the sexes) and sexual selection (unequal access to opposite-sex mates). Individuals use these adaptations to hijack others' reproductive systems, psychological states, and behaviors-essentially using other individuals as extended phenotypes of themselves. Such extended phenotypic manipulation of sexual rivals and opposite-sex mates is enacted by humans with the aid of hormones, pheromones, neurotransmitters, emotions, language, mind-altering substances, social institutions, technologies, and ideologies. Furthermore, sexual conflict may be experienced at an individual level when maternal genes and paternal genes are in conflict within an organism. Sexual conflict may be physically and emotionally destructive, but may also be exciting and constructive for relationships. By extending the biological concept of sexual conflict into social and cultural domains, scholars may successfully bridge many of the interdisciplinary gaps that separate the sciences from the humanities.

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Human sperm competition: ejaculate adjustment by males and the function of masturbation (1993)

Cited by 8 publications

References 45 publications

An Eye Tracking Examination of Men’s Attractiveness by Conceptive Risk Women

An Eye Tracking Examination of Men’s Attractiveness by Conceptive Risk Women

An Evolutionary Advantage of the Human Glans Penis

Human Sexual Conflict from Molecules to Culture

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