Human Smuggling and Trafficking into Europe

Shelley, Louise; Pardo, Camilo

doi:10.1017/9781108556606.023

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Apparently, building up barriers has done little to decrease people's willingness to move across international borders (Docquier et al, 2014); rather, a new multi-billion USD industry has emerged which engages in smuggling and trafficking migrants. 1 The traditional migration push-and-pull factor framework fails to take into account the growing role of the smuggling industry, now the third largest transnational crime, following drug and arms trafficking (Shelley, 2014;UNODC, 2011;Salt, 2003). Some progress has been made by incorporating the smuggling market into the theory on international migration Guriev, 2006, 2012;Tamura, 2010;Auriol and Mesnard, 2016), with drastic effects on policy conclusions about border controls, deportation and the provision of legal channels of migration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

International Migration Intentions and Illegal Costs: Evidence from Africa‐to‐Europe Smuggling Routes

et al. 2018

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Irregular migrants from Africa and the Middle East flow into Europe along land and sea routes under the control of human smugglers. The demise of the Gaddafi regime in 2011 marked the opening of the Central Mediterranean Route for irregular border-crossing between Libya and Italy. This resulted in the immediate expansion of the global smuggling network, which produced an asymmetric reduction in bilateral distance between country pairs across the Mediterranean sea. We exploit this source of spatial and time variation in irregular migration routes to estimate the elasticity of migration intentions to illegal moving costs proxied by distance. We build a novel dataset of geolocalized time-varying migration routes, combined with crosscountry survey data on individual intentions to move from Africa (and the Middle East) into Europe. Netting out any country-by-time and pair-level confounders we find a large negative effect of distance along smuggling routes on individual migration intentions. Shorter distances increase the willingness to migrate especially for youth, (medium) skilled individuals and those with a network abroad. The effect is stronger in countries closer to Libya and with weak rule of law.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

International Migration Intentions and Illegal Costs: Evidence from Africa‐to‐Europe Smuggling Routes

et al. 2018

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“…Defining human trafficking is relatively contentious [2,11,14,15]. Part of the controversy revolves around the array of activities that are involved in it.…”

Section: Human Trafficking: Conceptual Clarificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Conundrum of Human Trafficking in Africa

Bello¹,

Olutola²

2021

Modern Slavery and Human Trafficking

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This chapter explores the nature, extent and mystification of human trafficking in Africa. While human trafficking is an age-long, border-less crime of global proportion, its current form and dimensions have enormous negativity on the human race (generally), and pose enormous threats to peace and security on the African continent (specifically). Such consternation has engendered various stakeholders to introduce policy measures to curb the spread; however, rather than diminishing, it is ever increasing. From a positional standpoint, using document analysis, this chapter provides a synopsis of human trafficking in Africa, in recent times, and offers suggestions on pragmatic steps that could help address both the demand and supply end of this illicit criminal enterprise in twenty-first (21st) century Africa.

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“…Th ose crises usually accompany some global change or disaster, such as: civil riots and wars, ethnic confl icts, illegal migrations, traffi cking, smuggling of narcotics and weapons (Shelley, 2014). Tourism itself is sensitive to changes in political and security environment, especially in terms of war and terrorism risks (Mata-Lima et al, 2013).…”

Section: The Characteristics Of Safety and Security Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety and Security as Factors of Tourism Destination Competitiveness

Gajić

2015

Proceedings of the Singidunum International Tourism Conference - Sitcon 2015

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Abstract:Competitiveness on the global market represents one of the key factors and challenges for tourism industry and all its activities. The aim of the paper is to highlight the significance of tourism industry for economic development and employment, as well as to discuss and conclude on the importance of safety as a factor of competitiveness of the Republic of Serbia as a tourism destination. The analysis has been carried out in order to gain insight into Serbian competitiveness, in relation to destinations inside the region of Southern and Western Europe. Also, the time series have been used to present the specific pillars of tourism destination competitiveness and development of Serbia, especially safety and security pillars. In this paper, we shall present some of the implications of the current positioning of Serbia as a tourism destination, based on the use and analysis of the competitiveness index of the Republic of Serbia.

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Human Smuggling and Trafficking into Europe

Cited by 14 publications

References 14 publications

International Migration Intentions and Illegal Costs: Evidence from Africa‐to‐Europe Smuggling Routes

International Migration Intentions and Illegal Costs: Evidence from Africa‐to‐Europe Smuggling Routes

The Conundrum of Human Trafficking in Africa

Safety and Security as Factors of Tourism Destination Competitiveness

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