Human Skin Microcirculation

Cracowski, Jean‐Luc; Roustit, Matthieu

doi:10.1002/cphy.c190008

Cited by 84 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 492 publications

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“…For metabolism, NO 3 is converted by commensal bacteria to NO 2 [ 20 ]. Sweat is a nitrate source for the body and given a higher amount of sudoriparous glands in the skin, higher NO• amounts are found there [ 17 , 21 ]. The present review focuses on the dermal application of nitric oxide; hence, the following subsection focuses on metabolic activity at a cutaneous level.…”

Section: Nitric Oxide In Human Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, sudoriparous glands and hair follicles originate at a subcutaneous level and disperse in human skin. Sudoriparous glands produce sweat, which is an indirect source of NO• [ 21 ].…”

Section: Nitric Oxide In Human Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nitric oxide contributes to the regulation of this process as a response to UV-light exposure. Negative feedback is carried out indirectly by growth factors and directly by NO• molecules [ 8 , 10 , 14 , 21 , 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Nitric Oxide In Human Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthetic, Natural, and Semisynthetic Polymer Carriers for Controlled Nitric Oxide Release in Dermal Applications: A Review

2021

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Nitric oxide (NO•) is a free radical gas, produced in the human body to regulate physiological processes, such as inflammatory and immune responses. It is required for skin health; therefore, a lack of NO• is known to cause or worsen skin conditions related to three biomedical applications— infection treatment, injury healing, and blood circulation. Therefore, research on its topical release has been increasing for the last two decades. The storage and delivery of nitric oxide in physiological conditions to compensate for its deficiency is achieved through pharmacological compounds called NO-donors. These are further incorporated into scaffolds to enhance therapeutic treatment. A wide range of polymeric scaffolds has been developed and tested for this purpose. Hence, this review aims to give a detailed overview of the natural, synthetic, and semisynthetic polymeric matrices that have been evaluated for antimicrobial, wound healing, and circulatory dermal applications. These matrices have already set a solid foundation in nitric oxide release and their future perspective is headed toward an enhanced controlled release by novel functionalized semisynthetic polymer carriers and co-delivery synergetic platforms. Finally, further clinical tests on patients with the targeted condition will hopefully enable the eventual commercialization of these systems.

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Section: Nitric Oxide In Human Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nitric Oxide In Human Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthetic, Natural, and Semisynthetic Polymer Carriers for Controlled Nitric Oxide Release in Dermal Applications: A Review

2021

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“…In addition to playing a vital role in normal angiogenesis, dynamic balance, and vascular tone regulation, the endothelium is also an important metabolic and secretory organ. Endothelial products, including nitric oxide synthases (NOS), hydrogen sulfide, prostacyclin, endothelins, and thromboxane A2 (TXA2), affect the contraction and dilation of human blood vessels ( 6 ). NOS, comprising endothelial NOS (eNOS), neuronal NOS (nNOS), and inducible NOS (iNOS) are critical enzymes in nitric oxide (NO) production ( 7 ).…”

Section: Vascular Endothelial Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Updated Role of Neuropeptide Y in Nicotine-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis

Yanli

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Endothelial dysfunction of the arterial vasculature plays a pivotal role in cardiovascular pathogenesis. Nicotine-induced endothelial dysfunction substantially contributes to the development of arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Nicotine promotes oxidative inflammation, thrombosis, pathological angiogenesis, and vasoconstriction, and induces insulin resistance. However, the exact mechanism through which nicotine induces endothelial dysfunction remains unclear. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is widely distributed in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues, and it participates in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by regulating vasoconstriction, energy metabolism, local plaque inflammatory response, activation and aggregation of platelets, and stress and anxiety-related emotion. Nicotine can increase the expression of NPY, suggesting that NPY is involved in nicotine-induced endothelial dysfunction. Herein, we present an updated review of the possible mechanisms of nicotine-induced atherosclerosis, with a focus on endothelial cell dysfunction associated with nicotine and NPY.

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“…In the context of routine postoperative wound care, however, perfusion of the wound and adjacent body regions is not easily assessed at the bedside with standard radiological techniques. Nevertheless, perfusion assessment for early detection of poor cutaneous blood flow could alert clinicians to microvascular changes as a marker of tissue viability [28]. In the context of this scoping review, the focus is to identify the breadth of studies pertaining to incisional wounds, specifically relating to the correspondence between abdominal wall cutaneous temperature using infrared thermography and abdominal cutaneous perforator vessel blood flow in an obstetric population-women undergoing CS birth.…”

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abdominal Cutaneous Thermography and Perfusion Mapping after Caesarean Section: A Scoping Review

Childs

Soltani

2020

IJERPH

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Introduction: Caesarean section (CS) is the most prevalent surgical procedure in women. The incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) after CS remains high but recent observations of CS wounds using infrared thermography has shown promise for the technique in SSI prognosis. Although thermography is recognised as a ‘surrogate’ of skin perfusion, little is known of the relationship between skin temperature and skin perfusion in the context of wound healing. Aim: To assess the extent of literature regarding the application of infrared thermography and mapping of abdominal cutaneous perfusion after CS. Methods: Wide eligibility criteria were used to capture all relevant studies of any design, published in English, and addressing thermal imaging or skin perfusion mapping of the abdominal wall. The CINAHL and MEDLINE databases were searched, with two independent reviewers screening the title and abstracts of all identified citations, followed by full-text screening of relevant studies. Data extraction from included studies was undertaken using a pre-specified data extraction chart. Data were tabulated and synthesised in narrative format. Results: From 83 citations identified, 18 studies were considered relevant. With three additional studies identified from the reference lists, 21 studies were screened via full text. None of the studies reported thermal imaging and cutaneous perfusion patterns of the anterior abdominal wall. However, two observational studies partially met the inclusion criteria. The first explored analysis methodologies to ‘interrogate’ the abdominal thermal map. A specific thermal signature (‘cold spots’) was identified as an early ‘flag’ for SSI risk. A second study, by the same authors, focusing on obesity (a known risk factor for SSI after CS) showed that a 1 °C lower abdominal skin temperature led to a 3-fold odds of SSI. Conclusion: There is a significant gap in knowledge on how to forewarn of wound complications after CS. By utilising the known association between skin temperature and blood flow, thermographic assessment of the wound and adjacent thermal territories has potential as a non-invasive, independent, imaging option with which to identify tissue ‘at risk’. By identifying skin ‘hot’ or ‘cold’ spots, commensurate with high or low blood flow regions, there is potential to shed light on the underlying mechanisms leading to infective and non-infective wound complications.

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Human Skin Microcirculation

Cited by 84 publications

References 492 publications

Synthetic, Natural, and Semisynthetic Polymer Carriers for Controlled Nitric Oxide Release in Dermal Applications: A Review

Synthetic, Natural, and Semisynthetic Polymer Carriers for Controlled Nitric Oxide Release in Dermal Applications: A Review

Updated Role of Neuropeptide Y in Nicotine-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis

Abdominal Cutaneous Thermography and Perfusion Mapping after Caesarean Section: A Scoping Review

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