Human skin contains luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptors.

Pabon, Jonathan; Bird, J S; Li, X; Huang, Z.-H.; Lei, Z M; Sanfilippo, Joseph S.; Yussman, Marvin A.; Rao, C V

doi:10.1210/jcem.81.7.8675605

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…LHR is expressed in the putative precursor cell to ovarian cancer, the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE), and in 40% of ovarian cancers (8,12), although one study correlated a decreased expression of LHR with increasing grade of ovarian cancer (36). LHR is also expressed in other nongonadal tissues, such as brain, skin, and mammary gland (37)(38)(39). Whereas the proliferative effects of LH in human OSE are reported to be stimulatory (12,40), proliferation of ovarian cancer cells is reported to be stimulated (12,31), inhibited (11), or unaffected by LH or its homologue CG (7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Luteinizing Hormone–Induced Up-Regulation of ErbB-2 Is Insufficient Stimulant of Growth and Invasion in Ovarian Cancer Cells

Warrenfeltz

Lott

Palmer

et al. 2008

Molecular Cancer Research

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The effects of luteinizing hormone (LH), a gonadotropic hormone implicated in the development of ovarian cancer, are mediated by specific binding to its G protein -coupled receptor, the LH receptor (LHR). Activated LHR initiates second messenger responses, including cyclic AMP (cAMP) and inositol phosphate. Because cAMP increases expression of ErbB-2, a receptor tyrosine kinase whose overexpression in cancers correlates with poor survival, we hypothesized that LH may regulate ErbB-2 expression. Cell surface LHR expression in stable transformants of the ErbB-2 -overexpressing ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 was confirmed by PCR and whole-cell ligand binding studies. Second messenger accumulation in the LHR-expressing cells confirmed signaling through Gs and Gq. Western blots of total protein revealed that LHR introduction up-regulated ErbB-2 protein expression 2-fold and this was further up-regulated in a time-and dose-dependent manner in response to LH. Forskolin and 8Br-cAMP also up-regulated ErbB-2 in both LHR-expressing and mock-transfected cells, indicating that regulation of ErbB-2 is a cAMP-mediated event. Kinase inhibitor studies indicated the involvement of protein kinase A -mediated, protein kinase C -mediated, epidermal growth factor receptor -mediated, and ErbB-2 -mediated mechanisms. The LH-induced up-regulation of ErbB-2 was insufficient to overcome the negative effects of LH on proliferation, invasion, and migration. A molecular signature for this nonaggressive phenotype was determined by Taqman array to include increased and decreased expression of genes encoding adhesion proteins and metalloproteinases, respectively. These data establish a role for LH and LHR in the regulation of ErbB-2 expression and suggest that, in some systems, ErbB-2 up-regulation alone is insufficient in producing a more aggressive phenotype.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Luteinizing Hormone–Induced Up-Regulation of ErbB-2 Is Insufficient Stimulant of Growth and Invasion in Ovarian Cancer Cells

Warrenfeltz

Lott

Palmer

et al. 2008

Molecular Cancer Research

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“…Besides ovaries, LHR immunoreactivity was also found in other tissues, such as brain, fallopian tube, endometrium, trophoblasts, smooth muscle cells, skeletal muscle Wbres, Wbroblasts, and resident tissue macrophages (Bukovsky et al 2003). Furthermore, LHR have been described in human skin (Pabon et al 1996;Venencie et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LHR have been demonstrated in hair follicles (Pabon et al 1996) and in the urinary bladder (Tao et al 1998) in human beings. A further indication that the expression of LHR could play a role in the side eVects after spaying and menopause, respectively, is the fact that in urinary bladders of menopausal women signiWcant lower mRNA levels for LHR were demonstrated than in cycling women (Tao et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical localization and quantitative assessment of GnRH-, FSH-, and LH-receptor mRNA Expression in canine skin: a powerful tool to study the pathogenesis of side effects after spaying

Welle

Reichler

Barth

et al. 2006

Histochem Cell Biol

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It has been proposed that gonadotropins and/or gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) could be involved in the pathophysiology of the side effects after spaying in bitches, such as urinary incontinence and an increased production of a woolly undercoat. In order to provide tools to investigate the role of these hormones in dogs we developed immunohistochemical techniques and real-time RT-PCR to study whether GnRH-, LH-, and FSH-receptors exist in canine skin and urinary bladder. Tissue samples from the skin of the flank region and the ventral midline of the urinary bladder from euthanised dogs were examined. We were able to quantify mRNA expression of GnRH-, FSH-, and LH-receptors in canine skin and bladder biopsies with a high primer efficacy. Immunohistochemical studies showed that GnRH-, FSH-, and LH-receptors are expressed in vessel walls, the epidermis, the hair follicle and in sebaceous and sweat glands in canine skin and in transitional epithelium, and smooth muscle tissue in the urinary bladder. Our data provide the fundamentals to examine the distribution of FSH-, LH-, and GnRH-receptors in canine skin and urinary bladder and to assess gene activity at the transcriptional level by real-time RT-PCR.

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“…In the ovary, expression of the hCG/LHR occurs in the theca cells, interstitial cells, differentiated granulosa cells, and lutheal cells. In nongonadal tissues of the female reproductive system expression was A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 8 detected in pregnant and non pregnant uterus, fallopian tube, amnion, chorion, decidua, umbilical cord, placenta (Reshef et al, 1990;Dufau, 1998), and, furthermore, in human fetal nongonadal organs (Abdallah et al, 2004), in adult brain (Lei et al, 1993) and skin (Pabon et al, 1996).…”

Section: Hcgmentioning

confidence: 99%