Abstract:Organ in vitro synthesis is one of the last bottlenecks between tissue engineering and transplantation of synthetic organs. Bioprinting has proven its capacity to produce 3D objects composed of living cells but highly organized tissues such as full thickness skin (dermis + epidermis) are rarely attained. The focus of the present study is to demonstrate the capability of a newly developed ink formulation and the use of an open source printer, for the production of a really complete skin model. Proofs are given … Show more
“…In another study by Pourchet and co-workers in Fig. 4b, the skin tissue was 3D bioprinted and further underwent consolidation and maturation, in which NIH 3T3 was embedded within gelatin, alginate and fibrinogen hydrogels [76]. It was found that the bioprinted skin and normal human skin showed similar optical microscopy images after 26 days of culture.…”
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a computer-assisted technology which precisely controls spatial position of biomaterials, growth factors and living cells, offering unprecedented possibility to bridge the gap between structurally mimic tissue constructs and functional tissues or organoids. We briefly focus on diverse bioinks used in the recent progresses of biofabrication and 3D bioprinting of various tissue architectures including blood vessel, bone, cartilage, skin, heart, liver and nerve systems. This paper provides readers a guideline with the conjunction between bioinks and the targeted tissue or organ types in structuration and final functionalization of these tissue analogues. The challenges and perspectives in 3D bioprinting field are also illustrated.
“…In another study by Pourchet and co-workers in Fig. 4b, the skin tissue was 3D bioprinted and further underwent consolidation and maturation, in which NIH 3T3 was embedded within gelatin, alginate and fibrinogen hydrogels [76]. It was found that the bioprinted skin and normal human skin showed similar optical microscopy images after 26 days of culture.…”
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a computer-assisted technology which precisely controls spatial position of biomaterials, growth factors and living cells, offering unprecedented possibility to bridge the gap between structurally mimic tissue constructs and functional tissues or organoids. We briefly focus on diverse bioinks used in the recent progresses of biofabrication and 3D bioprinting of various tissue architectures including blood vessel, bone, cartilage, skin, heart, liver and nerve systems. This paper provides readers a guideline with the conjunction between bioinks and the targeted tissue or organ types in structuration and final functionalization of these tissue analogues. The challenges and perspectives in 3D bioprinting field are also illustrated.
“…Recently, skin 3D bioprinting has achieved a significant progress [136] . For example, in 2016 Pourchet et al printed a full-thickness skin substitute containing dermis and epidermis layers [137] . A mixture of gelatin and fibrinogen was used as the "bioink".…”
Three dimensional (3D) printing is a hot topic in today's scientific, technological and commercial areas. It is recognized as the main field which promotes "the Third Industrial Revolution". Recently, human organ 3D bioprinting has been put forward into equity market as a concept stock and attracted a lot of attention. A large number of outstanding scientists have flung themselves into this field and made some remarkable headways. Nevertheless, organ 3D bioprinting is a sophisticated manufacture procedure which needs profound scientific/technological backgrounds/knowledges to accomplish. Especially, large organ 3D bioprinting encounters enormous difficulties and challenges. One of them is to build implantable branched vascular networks in a predefined 3D construct. At present, organ 3D bioprinting still in its infancy and a great deal of work needs to be done. Here we briefly overview some of the achievements of 3D bioprinting technologies in large organ, such as the bone, liver, heart, cartilage and skin, manufacturing.Keywords: organ; 3D bioprinting; bone; heart; liver; cartilage; skin
“…In this regard, seminal studies have begun to optimize commonly used bioinks and explore new materials with more specialized, organ-specific properties. [197, 198] Still, more efforts are needed to fabricate novel bioinks that meet both cytocompatibility and mechanical strength requirements for 3D bioprinting.…”
Evolving understanding of structural and biological complexity of tumors has stimulated development of physiologically relevant tumor models for cancer research and drug discovery. A major motivation for developing new tumor models is to recreate the 3D environment of tumors and context-mediated functional regulation of cancer cells. Such models overcome many limitations of standard monolayer cancer cell cultures. Under defined culture conditions, cancer cells self-assemble into 3D constructs known as spheroids. Additionally, cancer cells may recapitulate steps in embryonic development to self-organize into 3D cultures known as organoids. Importantly, spheroids and organoids reproduce morphology and biologic properties of tumors, providing valuable new tools for research, drug discovery, and precision medicine in cancer. This Progress Report discusses uses of both natural and synthetic biomaterials to culture cancer cells as spheroids or organoids, specifically highlighting studies that demonstrate how these models recapitulate key properties of native tumors. The report concludes with the perspectives on the utility of these models and areas of need for future developments to more closely mimic pathologic events in tumors.
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