“…Despite the complexity in model formulation and evaluation, active muscle modeling has been commonly performed for a large range of muscles including generic muscle tissue [36, 37, 43, 54], brachialis [35], rectus femoris [38, 46], levator ani [40], biceps brachii [23, 39, 55], gastrocnemius [41, 42, 53], tibialis anterior [44, 47, 49–51], biceps femoris longhead [45], soleus [46, 53], ventral interior lateral muscle [48], lumbar spine muscles [52], and facial muscles [22, 26, 56–59]. Geometrical models of skeletal muscles have been reconstructed from medical imaging (CT and MRI) [22, 23, 26, 38, 45, 50, 53–59].…”