Human serum lipoproteins. Evidence for three classes of lipoproteins in SfO-2

Albers, John J.; Chen, C. H.; Aladjem, Frederick

doi:10.1021/bi00751a011

Cited by 64 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…It remains to be determined, however, whether these mechanisms show a sufficient gradation with LDL size and density to account for LDL-IVb's apparent atherogenic properties, given its low plasma levels. Albers et al 55 have identified HDL 1 and Lp(a) in addition to small LDL within LDL S f 0 to 2, which might also contribute to the atherogenicity of the LDL-IVb subclass. However, Lp(a) was not found to be related to the annual rate of stenosis change ( Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smallest LDL Particles Are Most Strongly Related to Coronary Disease Progression in Men

Williams

Superko

Haskell

et al. 2003

ATVB

113

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Objective-LDLs include particle subclasses that have different mobilities on polyacrylamide gradient gels: LDL-I (27.2 to 28.5 nm), LDL-IIa (26.5 to 27.2 nm), LDL-IIb (25.6 to 26.5 nm), LDL-IIIa (24.7 to 25.6 nm), LDL-IIIb (24.2 to 24.7 nm), LDL-IVa (23.3 to 24.2 nm), and LDL-IVb (22.0 to 23.3 nm in diameter). We hypothesized that the association between smaller LDL particles and coronary artery disease (CAD) risk might involve specific LDL subclasses. Methods and Results-Average 4-year onstudy lipoprotein measurements were compared with annualized rates of stenosis change from baseline to 4 years in 117 men with CAD. uman plasma LDLs include multiple distinct subclasses of different particle size that are separable on nondenaturing polyacrylamide gradient gels. 1 Seven LDL subclasses have been identified: LDL-I (27.2 to 28.5 nm), LDL-IIa (26.5 to 27.2 nm), LDL-IIb (25.6 to 26.5 nm), LDL-IIIa (24.7 to 25.6 nm), LDL-IIIb (24.2 to 24.7 nm), LDL-IVa (23.3 to 24.2 nm), and LDL-IVb (22.0 to 23.3 nm in diameter). 1,2 Several case-control, nested case-control, and prospective studies have suggested that a predominance of smaller LDL particles (ie, LDL-III or LDL-IV) is associated with increased coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] The contribution of individual subclasses within LDL-III and LDL-IV to CHD risk has not been determined.HDLs also include a heterogeneous mixture of particles of differing size that can be separated into at least 5 subclasses on nondenaturing polyacrylamide gradient gels. 11 These include HDL 3c (7.2 to 7.8 nm), HDL 3b (7.8 to 8.2 nm), HDL 3a (8.2 to 8.8 nm), HDL 2a (8.8 to 9.7 nm), and HDL 2b (9.7 to 12 nm). 11 Case-control and angiographic studies suggest that CHD risk may be increased when HDL 2b is reduced relative to HDL 3c and HDL 3b . [12][13][14] The rate at which coronary artery lesions progress is a risk factor for clinical coronary events. The rate of change in percent stenosis has been shown to be significantly predictive of myocardial infarctions and coronary deaths during 7-year 15 and 12-year 16 follow-up periods. The rate is also reflective of atherosclerosis elsewhere, eg, changes in carotid artery intima-media thickness. 17 Quantitative changes in coronary artery diameters and stenosis have been associated with plasma levels of total cholesterol, 18 LDL cholesterol,18,19 HDL cholesterol,20,21 24 The purpose of this study was to examine the relations of LDL and HDL subclasses to rates of CHD progression. Specifically, average onstudy measurements of lipoprotein subclasses were compared with annual rates of stenosis change of coronary lesions in men who remained under care of their usual physician when serving as controls in a randomized trial. 26 The analyses show that the annual rate of progression of coronary artery stenosis is related to the relative levels of specific LDL and HDL subclasses. Consistent with other reports, 22,27 we found preliminary evidence that effects of lipoproteins on atherosclerotic progression may be related to baseline lesi...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smallest LDL Particles Are Most Strongly Related to Coronary Disease Progression in Men

Williams

Superko

Haskell

et al. 2003

ATVB

113

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“…The LDL-II subpopulation is generally found as the most abundant LDL subspecies among normolipidemic subjects, whereas LDL-I (larger and less dense) and LDL-III (smaller and denser) particles may be found in lesser but varying concentrations [2]. The LDL-IV subfraction is generally hardly detectable [9].…”

Section: Methodologic Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet and low-density lipoprotein particle size

Desroches

Lamarche

2004

Curr Atheroscler Rep

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Small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles are being increasingly recognized as an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This paper provides an overview of how different diets and macronutrients modulate the LDL size phenotype. Data reviewed indicated that several components of the LDL size phenotype should be measured concurrently in order to fully appreciate the impact of diet on this complex trait. Data also suggested that numerous dietary elements have a significant impact on several characteristics of the LDL size phenotype, thus providing further evidence to the concept that specific dietary modifications can beneficially alter cardiovascular disease risk beyond their known and demonstrated effects on plasma LDL cholesterol concentrations.

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“…Sixteen percent of the variance in diet-induced changes in Lp(a) was explained by the reciprocal changes in medium and very small LDL particles. Moreover, the strength of this relationship may have been underestimated due to the fact that the S f 0-3 fraction including very small LDL also includes a portion of plasma Lp(a) particles ( 50 ). After adjusting for changes in medium and very small LDL, the diet-induced increase in Lp(a) was substantially greater (mean 2.85 mg/dl vs. 2.17 mg/dl), suggesting the shift in metabolism of these two LDL subclasses may be diverting the formation or increasing the catabolism or clearance of Lp(a), hence limiting the diet-induced increase in Lp(a)-associated OxPL.…”

Section: Downloaded Frommentioning

confidence: 99%