“…HSA is a valued biomarker of many diseases, (i.e., cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, ischemia, obesity, and diabetes) [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ] and finds clinical application in the treatment of several pathologies including shock, trauma, hemorrhage, acute respiratory distress syndrome, hemodialysis, acute liver failure, chronic liver disease, and hypoalbuminemia [ 4 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. In the last years, it is emerging a novel role of HSA in human innate immunity [ 9 , 12 , 30 , 31 ]. Indeed, HSA acts as a self-defense agent toward Clostridium difficile and Streptococcus pyogenes , as well as against Candida albicans infection by inactivating toxins [ 9 , 12 , 30 , 31 , 32 ].…”