Human Rights, Popular Protest, and Jimmy Carter’s Plan to Withdraw U.S. Troops from South Korea*

Choi, Lyong

doi:10.1093/dh/dhx030

Cited by 3 publications

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“…President Trump cancelled all major combined exercises between the United States and South Korea. He was reported to have ordered his Secretary of Defense to make a plan to withdraw the USFK (Choi, 2022). During the Trump administration, the credibility of the US extended deterrence commitment has been severely eroded (Roberts, 2020, p. 10).…”

Section: The United States and South Korea's Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

The Necessity to Discuss ‘Deterrence Failure’ Regarding North Korea’s Nuclear Threat

Park

2023

International Studies

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This article introduces the ‘deterrence failure’ concept and applies it to North Korea’s nuclear threat situation. For this purpose, it selects five factors, including retaliation posture; credibility of retaliation; probability of the challenger’s success; challenger’s irrational leader; and situational desperateness, to evaluate the US–South Korea nuclear deterrence posture against North Korea. Except for the retaliation posture, most factors are very concerning. Therefore, to strengthen their deterrence posture against North Korea, the United States and South Korea should take a few practical measures to ensure the implementation of the US extended deterrence, including the forward-deployment of more US retaliation assets around the Korean Peninsula.

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Section: The United States and South Korea's Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

The Necessity to Discuss ‘Deterrence Failure’ Regarding North Korea’s Nuclear Threat

Park

2023

International Studies

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“…Once democratic challenges led by coalitions of opposition groups gained strength, along with explicit help from Washington, the antigovernment mobilization became more widespread by inciting public resistance toward Park's regime. This tension, however, was abruptly brought to an end by Park's assassination in 1979 (Choi 2017).…”

Section: The Effects Of Sanctions On An Incumbent During Electionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Do Sanctions Affect Incumbent Electoral Performance?

Park

2018

Political Research Quarterly

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How do sanctions affect incumbent electoral performance during elections? Although existing literature suggests that sanctions may shorten or prolong incumbent tenure, we are less informed about their role in incumbent electoral fortunes. This research argues that sanctions hurt incumbents’ vote shares because citizens are more likely to hold their elected officials accountable for sanction-induced economic hardships and political instabilities. It also argues that the electoral punishment is pronounced in less democratic countries because sanctions, together with elections, significantly limit dictator’s co-optation strategy and open a greater window of opportunity for once repressed opposition groups in a repressive regime. Using 381 multiparty elections in seventy-nine countries between 1972 and 2012, this research finds that sanctions deteriorate the incumbent electoral performance, and they do so for autocratic leaders more than the democratic leaders. This study has important implications about the potential accountability in autocracies, the timing of sanctions imposition, the role of oppositions’ mobilization, and broadly speaking, the role of sanctions in democratization.

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“…Such a governing philosophy led him to place rapid economic development as the core value above all else, including human rights and equal opportunities. 21 The reason Park laid heavy importance on material well-being was straightforward: Korea's economy was in a dire state. Since its liberation from Japanese colonial rule in 1945, the country's chances of economic development or modernization were quelled by the outbreak of the Korean War, which devastated its infrastructure and deepened the ideological divide among its people.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Singing its Way to Prosperity: Shaping the Public Mind through “Healthy Popular Music” in South Korea

Lee¹

2020

Music and Politics

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After seizing power in 1961, South Korea's Park Chung-Hee imposed cultural policies to mediate Korean people's everyday consumption of popular culture. For instance, a certain group of songs was banned for reasons such as crude vocalization and vulgar or dangerous lyrics, while a new type of song, called kŏnchon kungmin kayo, emerged under the government's auspices. Translated as "healthy popular song," kŏnchon kungmin kayo reflected the goals of the Park regime, such as modernization, self-reliance, and economic betterment. Throughout the 1960s, the Bureau of Public Information and the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction launched nationwide calls for songs to engage everyday Koreans in the creation of kŏnchon kungmin kayo, which was then distributed through a series of community singing campaigns named "Echoes of songs." By investigating the modes of creation, dissemination, and consumption of kŏnchon kungmin kayo and examining select songs closely, this essay reveals that the Park government promoted kŏnchon kungmin kayo mainly by encouraging civilian participation during the 1960s, drawing a clear distinction to the punitive enforcement and regulation of popular music after the enactment of the Yusin constitution in 1972. This essay further suggests that, because the initial development of kŏnchon kungmin kayowas gradual and civilian-oriented, the implementation ofkŏnchon kungmin kayo was doctrinaire but also effective in increasing the morale of Koreans during the pre-Yusin Park era.

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Human Rights, Popular Protest, and Jimmy Carter’s Plan to Withdraw U.S. Troops from South Korea*

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

The Necessity to Discuss ‘Deterrence Failure’ Regarding North Korea’s Nuclear Threat

The Necessity to Discuss ‘Deterrence Failure’ Regarding North Korea’s Nuclear Threat

How Do Sanctions Affect Incumbent Electoral Performance?

Singing its Way to Prosperity: Shaping the Public Mind through “Healthy Popular Music” in South Korea

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