Human Rhinoviruses in Severe Respiratory Disease in Very Low Birth Weight Infants

Miller, E. Kathryn; Bugna, Jimena; Libster, Romina; Shepherd, Bryan E.; Scalzo, Paula M.; Acosta, Patricio L.; Hijano, Diego R.; Reynoso, Natalia Ordaz; Batalle, Juan P.; Coviello, Silvina; Klein, M. Inés; Bauer, Gabriela; Benítez, Antonio Medina; Kleeberger, Steven R.; Polack, Fernando P.

doi:10.1542/peds.2011-0583

Cited by 77 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…28 Thus, the premature child may be at higher risk of developing a more severe respiratory disease regardless of whether the virus causing the infection is HRV or RSV. 29 This possibility was supported by our study, because we also observed an association between prematurity and disease severity in HRV single infection. Similar to our findings, Watanabe et al 3 showed involvement of congenital heart diseases in severe HRV infection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Human Rhinovirus and Disease Severity in Children

Costa¹,

Queiróz²,

Silveira

et al. 2014

Pediatrics

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Human rhinovirus has been known as the common cold agent. Recently, studies have reported that this virus is responsible for severe infections of the lower respiratory tract in children. Reports of factors that increase disease severity have been contradictory. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:This study identifies some of the factors involved in disease severity in HRV infections in children. We expect that children at risk for developing severe disease could be identified sooner and appropriate measures could be taken. abstract OBJECTIVE: To evaluate retrospectively human rhinovirus (HRV) infections in children up to 5 years old and factors involved in disease severity.METHODS: Nasopharyngeal aspirates from 434 children presenting a broad range of respiratory infection symptoms and severity degrees were tested for presence of HRV and 8 other respiratory viruses. Presence of host risk factors was also assessed.RESULTS: HRV was detected in 181 (41.7%) samples, in 107 of them as the only agent and in 74 as coinfections, mostly with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV; 43.2%). Moderate to severe symptoms were observed in 28.9% (31/107) single infections and in 51.3% (38/74) coinfections (P = .004). Multivariate analyses showed association of coinfections with lower respiratory tract symptoms and some parameters of disease severity, such as hospitalization. In coinfections, RSV was the most important virus associated with severe disease. Prematurity, cardiomyopathies, and noninfectious respiratory diseases were comorbidities that also were associated with disease severity (P = .007).CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that HRV was a common pathogen of respiratory disease in children and was also involved in severe cases, causing symptoms of the lower respiratory tract. Severe disease in HRV infections were caused mainly by presence of RSV in coinfections, prematurity, congenital heart disease, and noninfectious respiratory disease. Pediatrics 2014;133:e312-e321 AUTHORS:

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Human Rhinovirus and Disease Severity in Children

Costa¹,

Queiróz²,

Silveira

et al. 2014

Pediatrics

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“…Although RV infections have long been thought to be limited to the common cold and mild self-limiting upper respiratory illnesses, the application of improved viral molecular detection methods has substantially improved understating of the epidemiology and the clinical significance of RV, particularly among high risk children [94–98]. In a 2-year prospective study, RV was detected in 41% of all episodes of acute respiratory illnesses and 33% of related hospitalisations during the first year of life in a cohort of preterm infants [99]. The risk and severity of RV-related respiratory illnesses are considerably elevated among preterm infants with BPD, with a more than 5-fold increased risk of RV-related hospitalisation among infants with BPD compared to non-BPD infants [99].…”

Section: Viral Infection Requiring Readmission In Early Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a 2-year prospective study, RV was detected in 41% of all episodes of acute respiratory illnesses and 33% of related hospitalisations during the first year of life in a cohort of preterm infants [99]. The risk and severity of RV-related respiratory illnesses are considerably elevated among preterm infants with BPD, with a more than 5-fold increased risk of RV-related hospitalisation among infants with BPD compared to non-BPD infants [99]. …”

Section: Viral Infection Requiring Readmission In Early Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of respiratory viruses on lung health after preterm birth

Townsi

Laing

Hall

et al. 2018

European Clinical Respiratory Journal

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Children born preterm, less than 37 weeks’ gestation, are at increased risk of viral respiratory infections and associated complications both during their initial birth hospitalisation and in their first years following discharge. This increased burden of viral respiratory infections is likely to have long term implications for lung health and function in individuals born preterm, particularly those with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Several hypotheses have been put forward to explain the association between early life viral respiratory infection and development of suboptimal lung health and function later in life following preterm birth. Although preterm infants with diminished lung function, particularly small airways, might be particularly susceptible to asthma and wheezing disorders following viral infection, there is evidence that respiratory viruses can activate number of inflammatory and airway re-modelling pathways. Therefore, the aim of this review is to highlight the perinatal and early life risk factors that may contribute to increased susceptibility to viral respiratory infections among preterm infants during early life and to understand how respiratory viral infection may influence the development of abnormal lung health and function later in life.

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“…As a comparison at a regional level, in a prospective cohort study of 207 very low-birth weight (birth weight 1,500 g) pre-mature infants followed until 1 year of age in Buenos Aires, Argentina, the incidence of RSV-associated hospitalizations was approximately 90 per 1,000 child-years of follow-up. 6,7 Children with underlying conditions, such as pre-maturity, chronic lung disease, congenital heart disease, and immunosuppression, are at high risk for severe RSV disease. 8 Prematurity, a major risk factor for RSV hospitalization, goes along with small, immature, and vulnerable airways, an immature immune system, an incomplete transfer of maternal antibodies, and an inadequate cellular immunity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 In Latin America, there are several studies on the epidemiology of RSV infections in children [2][3][4][5] ; however, there are limited data on the disease burden of these infections in high-risk groups, such as pre-term infants. 6,7 Prevention of RSV disease relies on infection control and hygiene measures as well as provision of immunoprophylaxis in select infants. However, the prophylaxis is expensive, and therefore, targeting the recipient population and timing of administration are important for optimal effectiveness and judicious use of limited healthcare resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Associated Hospitalizations in Pre-Mature Infants in Lima, Peru

Ochoa

Bautista

Dávila

et al. 2014

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. We conducted a prospective cohort study in four hospitals in Lima, Peru in infants with a birth weight 1,500 g followed from birth hospital discharge up to 1 year of age to determine the incidence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalizations. We enrolled 222 infants from March of 2009 to March of 2010: 48 infants with a birth weight 1,000 g and 174 infants with a birth weight of 1,000-1,500 g (birth weight = 1,197 ± 224 g; gestational age = 30.1 ± 2.6 weeks). There were 936 episodes of respiratory infections; the incidence of respiratory infections during the first 1 year of life was 5.7 episodes/child-years. The incidence of RSV respiratory infections that required emergency room management was 103.9 per 1,000 child-years, and the incidence of RSV hospitalizations was 116.2 per 1,000 child-years (244.9 in infants with a birth weight 1,000 g and 88.9 in infants 1,000-1,500 g; P 0.05). The incidence of RSV respiratory infections that required emergency management or hospitalization is high among pre-mature infants in Lima.

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Human Rhinoviruses in Severe Respiratory Disease in Very Low Birth Weight Infants

Cited by 77 publications

References 43 publications

Human Rhinovirus and Disease Severity in Children

Human Rhinovirus and Disease Severity in Children

The impact of respiratory viruses on lung health after preterm birth

Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Associated Hospitalizations in Pre-Mature Infants in Lima, Peru

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