Human Reproductive Tissues Contain Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH) and TRH‐homologous Peptides

Ae, Pekary; Ross, R. Gracious; deKernion, Jean B.; Jm, Hershman

doi:10.1002/j.1939-4640.1983.tb00768.x

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…TRH is found in rat, canine and human prostate, seminal vesicles, ovary, testis, Leydig cells and epididymis (Pekary et al, 1980, 1983a,b; Feng et al, 1992). …”

Section: Thyrotropin-releasing Hormone (Trh)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothalamic neurohormones and immune responses

Quintanar¹,

Guzmán-Soto²

2013

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

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The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive examination of the current literature describing the neural-immune interactions, with emphasis on the most recent findings of the effects of neurohormones on immune system. Particularly, the role of hypothalamic hormones such as Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). In the past few years, interest has been raised in extrapituitary actions of these neurohormones due to their receptors have been found in many non-pituitary tissues. Also, the receptors are present in immune cells, suggesting an autocrine or paracrine role within the immune system. In general, these neurohormones have been reported to exert immunomodulatory effects on cell proliferation, immune mediators release and cell function. The implications of these findings in understanding the network of hypothalamic neuropeptides and immune system are discussed.

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“…TRH is found in rat, canine and human prostate, seminal vesicles, ovary, testis, Leydig cells and epididymis (Pekary et al, 1980, 1983a,b; Feng et al, 1992). …”

Section: Thyrotropin-releasing Hormone (Trh)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothalamic neurohormones and immune responses

Quintanar¹,

Guzmán-Soto²

2013

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

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“…The rat (Pekary et al 1983c), human (Pekary et al 1983b), and canine prostate (Pekary et al 1983a) contain, in comparison to other tissues outside the central nervous system, relatively large amounts of TRH IR. TRH IR in the rat prostate is due, in part, to authentic TRH (pGlu-His-Pro-NH2) and a closely related peptide referred to as TRH homo¬ logous peptide (Pekary et al 1983c).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

TRH pharmacokinetics and nerve stimulation evoked prostatic fluid secretion during TRH infusion in the dog

Liberman

Nogimori²,

Wu³

et al. 1989

Acta Endocrinologica

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The pharmacokinetics of TRH have been determined in man and the rat as well as other species whose serum contains TRH degrading enzymes, TRH pharmacokinetics have not been determined in the dog. This species is unusual in that its serum contains little or no TRH degrading activity. TRH pharmacokinetics were determined from measurements of plasma TRH concentrations during and following a 1-h infusion of TRH, 20 \g=m\g \m=.\ kg\ m=-\ 1 \m=.\ mi n\ m=-\ 1, into dogs bearing prostatic urethral cannula. During TRH administration prostatic fluid secretion was evoked by hypogastric nerve stimulation and the content of TRH immunoreactive material in prostatic fluid was determined. Prostatic fluid was also collected after hypogastric nerve stimulation in dogs that did not receive TRH infusion. The TRH plasma profile in TRH-infused dogs exhibited two-compartment characteristics with an initial half-time of 10.4 \ m=+-\5.4 (mean \ m=+-\ sd) min, a terminal half-time of 69.4 \ m=+-\ 24 min, and a metabolic clearance rate of 7.64 \ m=+-\ 4.48 ml\ m=. \ m i n \ m = -\ 1 \ m=. \ k g \ m = -\ 1 . These findings suggest that the half-time of TRH is longer, and its metabolic clearance rate is less, in the dog than in humans or rats. TRH administration was not associated with altered nerve induced prostatic fluid secretion. Prostatic fluid samples contained TRH immunoreactive material regardless of whether they were collected after epithelial cell stimulation with pilocarpine, or after hypogastric nerve stimulation. In contrast to previous results with vasoactive intestinal peptide, TRH does not acutely alter prostatic fluid secretion. As has been reported for prostatic tissue extracts, immunoreactive material is present in prostatic fluid and appears to arise from epithelial cells.

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“…The function of high levels of Ps4 receptor in the vas deferens, given the very low levels of endogenous Ps4 in this tissue, seemed puzzling until very high levels of Ps4 were detected in rat prostate and epididymis (Pekary, unpublished results), which are also the major sources of TRH in the male rat, dog, and human reproductive systems and semen (29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34).…”

Section: Prostate and Epididymismentioning

confidence: 96%

Is Ps4 (prepro-TRH [160-169]) More Than an Enhancer for Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone?

Ae¹

1998

Thyroid

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Ps4 (thyrotropin-releasing hormone [TRH]-enhancing peptide), one of the cryptic peptides resulting from the proteolytic processing of prepro-TRH to produce TRH, has a growing list of functions in addition to its well-established ability to enhance the TRH-induced release of thyrotropin (TSH) and prolactin from the pituitary. Intramedullary coadministration of Ps4 and TRH increased gastric acid secretion above the level produced by TRH alone and intracisternal infusion of Ps4 resulted in a substantial reduction in the levels of prepro-TRH-derived peptide levels in the rat pituitary, including Ps4. High-affinity receptors for Ps4 are widely distributed. In addition to the very high Ps4 binding capacity of the folliculo-stellate cells of the anterior pituitary, abundant Ps4 receptors are found in the urinary bladder, vas deferens, central nervous system, reproductive tissues, and pancreas. Targeted prepro-TRH gene disruption results in hyperglycemia as well as the expected hypothyroidism. The observed disregulation of thyroid and glucose homeostasis in the TRH "knockout" mouse clearly demonstrates that prepro-TRH-derived peptides and their cognate receptors within the pituitary, pancreas, and other neural and endocrine systems are of fundamental importance to a variety of physiological systems and merit structural and functional characterization.

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Human Reproductive Tissues Contain Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH) and TRH‐homologous Peptides

Cited by 16 publications

References 15 publications

Hypothalamic neurohormones and immune responses

Hypothalamic neurohormones and immune responses

TRH pharmacokinetics and nerve stimulation evoked prostatic fluid secretion during TRH infusion in the dog

Is Ps4 (prepro-TRH [160-169]) More Than an Enhancer for Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone?

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