Human Relaxins: Chemistry and Biology*

Bryant‐Greenwood, Gillian D.; Schwabe, Christian

doi:10.1210/edrv-15-1-5

Cited by 69 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…The up-regulation of ETB receptors is obviously selective and limited to endothelial and epithelial cells. 48 This effect is not present in vascular smooth muscle cells. Endothelial/epithelial ETB expedites the release of vasodilatory and anti-fibroproliferative mediators (NO and prostacyclin) as well as clearance of ET-1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Relaxin is a candidate drug for lung preservation: Relaxin-induced protection of rat lungs from ischemia-reperfusion injury

Alexiou

Matschke

Westphal

et al. 2010

The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Relaxin is a candidate drug for lung preservation: Relaxin-induced protection of rat lungs from ischemia-reperfusion injury

Alexiou

Matschke

Westphal

et al. 2010

The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation

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“…H1 relaxin is immunolocalized in the human decidua, placenta, and prostate, but not in the ovary [1]. H2 relaxin is immunolocalized in the corpus luteum [2], placenta [1], and deciduas [3]. H3 relaxin is mainly immunolocalized in the brain [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of recombinant H2 relaxin on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase in cultured early placental extravillous trophoblasts

Maruo

Nakabayashi

Wakahashi

et al. 2007

Endocr

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Relaxin promotes softening of the uterine cervix and inhibits uterine contractility in rats, mice and pigs. Little information, however, is available about the role of relaxin in humans. In 2002, LGR7 and LGR8 were discovered to be receptors for relaxin and those receptors were identified in the human placenta. Thus, in this study, effects of recombinant H2 (rH2) relaxin on human early placental extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) were examined. Isolation of EVTs from early placental trophoblasts was performed using the procedures established in our laboratory. After 48-h subculture, the presence of relaxin receptors in cultured EVTs was characterized by RT-PCR and immunoblotting. The cultured EVTs were treated with different doses (0.3-3 ng/ml) of rH2 relaxin for 24 h. The effects of rH2 relaxin on MMP-2, -3, -9 and TIMP-1 mRNAs levels were examined by real-time RT-PCR. RT-PCR and immunoblotting revealed that relaxin receptors are present in early placental EVTs. Treatment with rH2 relaxin increased MMP-2 and -9 mRNAs levels and decreased TIMP-1 mRNA levels in cultured EVTs, whereas rH2 relaxin did not affect MMP-3 mRNA levels. These results suggest that relaxin may promote the invasive potential of early placental EVTs through up-regulating MMP-2, -9 mRNAs and down-regulating TIMP-1 mRNA in EVTs.

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“…Surprisingly, the human myometrium proved to be relatively insensitive to relaxin, in contrast to a variety of other species. Whereas relaxin decreased both the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous or electrically driven myometrial contractions in the rat, pig and guinea-pig, it showed no or only negligible effects in the human myometrium [26,[106][107][108][109]. Thus, relaxininduced uterine quiescence seems of little importance in humans.…”

Section: Reproductive Effects Of Relaxinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whereas in most mammalian species only a single relaxin gene has been found [22], the great apes (chimpanzee, gorilla and orang-utan) [23] as well as rats and mice [15] possess two relaxin genes, and three different relaxin peptides originating from three different genes are currently known in humans: H1 and H2, the amino acid sequence of which was deduced from the nucleotide sequences by Hudson and co-workers [24,25], and H3, recently identified by Bathgate and co-workers [15]. Among species, the sequence homology of relaxin is remarkably low, with differences of 30-60%, but the localization of the disulfide bonds and the cysteines is very similar, thus suggesting similar tertiary structures of the different forms of relaxin [26]. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relaxin: a pregnancy hormone as central player of body fluid and circulation homeostasis

Dschietzig

Stangl

2003

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (CMLS)

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The peptide relaxin has long been regarded as an important hormone of pregnancy, contributing to changes in connective tissue composition as well as to regulation of implantation, myometrial activity and labor. On the other hand, the astonishing pleiotropy of this hormone escaped scientific awareness. This review focuses on new facets of relaxin, including its antifibrotic effects, its role in the control of pituitary hormone release, its vasodilator and pro-angiogenic properties and its versatile myocardial actions. Recent progress in understanding relaxin's receptor and signaling mechanisms is also highlighted. The peptide will be characterized as potential regulator of body fluid and circulation homeostasis.

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Human Relaxins: Chemistry and Biology*

Cited by 69 publications

References 109 publications

Relaxin is a candidate drug for lung preservation: Relaxin-induced protection of rat lungs from ischemia-reperfusion injury

Relaxin is a candidate drug for lung preservation: Relaxin-induced protection of rat lungs from ischemia-reperfusion injury

Effects of recombinant H2 relaxin on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase in cultured early placental extravillous trophoblasts

Relaxin: a pregnancy hormone as central player of body fluid and circulation homeostasis

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