Human rabies focusing on dog ecology—A challenge to public health in Sri Lanka

Kumarapeli, Vindya; Awerbuch-Friedlander, Tamara

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.06.009

Cited by 36 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Recently, geographic information system maps have been used for illustrating the district distribution of human rabies deaths and dog population density and for recognizing districts at risk (Kumarapeli and Awerbuch-Friedlander 2009 Table 1 Results of antirabies IgG titre among street (n=100) and household (n=50) dogs natural transmission cycle of rabies in dogs would be a logical approach in eliminating dog rabies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of rabies antibodies in street and household dogs in Chandigarh, India

Singh

Goyal

Majumdar

et al. 2010

Trop Anim Health Prod

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The present study reports the first survey for the detection of antirabies antibodies in street and household dogs in India. We aimed to check the efficacy of control programs for the disease in the Union territory of Chandigarh. The serum samples were collected from 100 street and 50 household dogs and tested for the presence of antirabies antibodies by ELISA. As per WHO criteria, a titre of >0.5 IU/ml of antirabies antibody in serum samples was taken as the protective level. Protective antirabies antibody titre was found only in 1% of the street dogs and 16% of the pet dogs. The awareness among the pet dog owners about the antirabies vaccination schedule was low as 18% did not know the vaccination status of the dog and 66% had got the initial immunization done with only three doses and annual boosters were not given. A National Rabies Elimination Program needs to be launched as a collaborative venture by both medical and veterinary practitioners to curb this deadly disease. Also periodic surveys to test the status of antirabies IgG among dogs need to be carried out to ascertain the attainment of WHO protective levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of rabies antibodies in street and household dogs in Chandigarh, India

Singh

Goyal

Majumdar

et al. 2010

Trop Anim Health Prod

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“…Furthermore, availability of stray dogs in certain countries (Kumarapeli and Awerbuch-Friedlander 2009;Totton et al 2010) has made dog meat a potential adulterant in costly meats such as beef, lamb, and chicken. Henceforth, several PCR assays for canine species detection have been documented (Abdel-Rahman et al 2009;Abdulmawjood et al 2003;Ali et al 2013;Arslan et al 2006;Gao et al 2004;İlhak and Arslan 2007;Martín et al 2007;Rahman et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lab-on-a-Chip PCR-RFLP Assay for the Detection of Canine DNA in Burger Formulations

et al. 2015

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Canine species detection in foods is important in the perspectives of health, religions, and fare-trade food business. This study describes a very short-amplicon length Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) assay with lab-on-a-chip detection platform for the authentication of canine DNA in processed foods. A 100-bp fragment of canine mitochondrial Cytochrome b (cytb) gene was selected and amplified using a pair of canine-specific primers. The amplified PCR products were validated by RFLP analysis using lab-on-a-chip microfluidic bioanalyzer kit. Both gel-image and electropherograms authenticated the canine-specific PCR products before (100 bp) and after restriction digestion (51, 30, and 19 bp). The assay successfully detected 0.0001-ng canine DNA under pure state and 0.01 % (w/w) canine meat spiked in chicken and beef burger formulations. Screening of eight commercial burgers across Malaysia did not reveal any canine adulteration. We believe the assay would find potential applications in food industries, Halal food regulatory bodies and animal right protection authorities across the globe.

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“…A relatively rapid turnover in a dog population (where a population is largely made up of stray dogs, for example) ought to decrease the efficacy of a vaccination program (8, 9). Field studies that have measured turnover rates found they are higher in regions with higher dog density, and they are especially high in areas where the stray dog population is high (10). Such thinking and observations have led to the Animal Birth Control program implemented in India, for example, to sterilize the female dogs that were captured and vaccinated, conscious that this would improve the survival of these dogs (no costs of reproduction), reduce population turnover, and increase the impact of the vaccination effort (11, 12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabies Vaccination Targets for Stray Dog Populations

Leung

Davis

2017

Front. Vet. Sci.

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The role of stray dogs in the persistence of domestic dog rabies, and whether removal of such dogs is beneficial, remains contentious issues for control programs seeking to eliminate rabies. While a community might reach the WHO vaccination target of 70% for dogs that can be handled, the stray or neighborhood dogs that are too wary of humans to be held are a more problematic population to vaccinate. Here, we present a method to estimate vaccination targets for stray dogs when the dog population is made up of stray, free-roaming, and confined dogs, where the latter two types are considered to have an identifiable owner. The control effort required for stray dogs is determined by the type-reproduction number, T1, the number of stray dogs infected by one rabid stray dog either directly or via any chain of infection involving owned dogs. Like the basic reproduction number R0 for single host populations, T1 determines the vaccination effort required to control the spread of disease when control is targeted at one host type, and there is a mix of host types. The application of T1 to rabies in mixed populations of stray and owned dogs is novel. We show that the outcome is sensitive to the vaccination coverage in the owned dog population, such that if vaccination rates of owned dogs were too low then no control effort targeting stray dogs is able to control or eliminate rabies. The required vaccination level also depends on the composition of the dog population, where a high proportion of either stray or free-roaming dogs implies unrealistically high vaccination levels are required to prevent rabies. We find that the required control effort is less sensitive to continuous culling that increases the death rate of stray dogs than to changes in the carrying capacity of the stray dog population.

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Human rabies focusing on dog ecology—A challenge to public health in Sri Lanka

Cited by 36 publications

References 18 publications

Prevalence of rabies antibodies in street and household dogs in Chandigarh, India

Prevalence of rabies antibodies in street and household dogs in Chandigarh, India

Lab-on-a-Chip PCR-RFLP Assay for the Detection of Canine DNA in Burger Formulations

Rabies Vaccination Targets for Stray Dog Populations

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