Human psittacosis: a review with emphasis on surveillance in Belgium

Rybarczyk, Joanna; Versteele, Charlot; Lernout, Tinne; Vanrompay, Daisy

doi:10.1080/17843286.2019.1590889

Cited by 41 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Occasional outbreaks of psittacosis cause greater threat to society [ 2 , 6 ]. Although the number of reported cases is increasing, and it has attracted more attention over the past decade, psittacosis is still regarded as an uncommon disease [ 7 ]. Due to low awareness and variable clinical presentation of the disease, psittacosis is often not recognized by clinicians, especially among general practitioners.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Large shadows on the lung lobes and extensive bilateral pneumonia may also appear in some severe cases, occasionally accompanied by pleural effusion. Chest lesions can be absorbed in 2–4 weeks after medical treatment [ 3 , 4 , 6 , 7 ]. In this report, chest CT showed extensive bilateral pneumonia with pleural effusion, which was in accordance with severe cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the diagnosis of psittacosis needs to be determined by more specific detection [ 11 , 15 , 16 ]. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has replaced culture and is regarded as the gold standard for detecting C. psittaci [ 7 , 11 , 15 , 17 ]. However, PCR is more expensive and has not been developed for convenient use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A case of chlamydia psittaci caused severe pneumonia and meningitis diagnosed by metagenome next-generation sequencing and clinical analysis: a case report and literature review

et al. 2021

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Background Psittacosis, which is also known as parrot fever, is Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) caused infectious disease. The clinical manifestations vary from asymptomatic infection to severe atypical pneumonia or even fatal meningitis. Early recognition of psittacosis is difficult because of its nonspecific clinical manifestations. Culture and gene probe techniques for C. psittaci are not available for routine clinical use, which makes the diagnosis difficult too. Although psittacosis has increasingly been recognized and reported in recent years, cure of severe pneumonia complicated with meningitis, with etiologic diagnosis aided by the use of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), is still uncommon. So, it is necessary to report and review such potentially fatal case. Case presentation This report describes a 54-year-old woman with C. psittaci caused severe atypical pneumonia and meningitis. She presented with symptoms of fever, dry cough and dyspnea, accompanied by prominent headache. Her condition deteriorated rapidly to respiratory failure and lethargy under the treatment of empirical antibacterial agents, and was treated with invasive mechanical ventilation soon. She denied contact with birds, poultry or horses, but unbiased mNGS of both the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) identified sequence reads corresponding to C. psittaci infection, and there was no sequence read corresponding to other probable pathogens. Combined use of targeted antimicrobial agents of tetracyclines, macrolides and fluoroquinolones was carried out, and the patient’s condition improved and she was discharged home 28 days later. Her status returned close to premorbid condition on day 60 of follow-up. Conclusions When clinicians come across a patient with atypical pneumonia accompanied by symptoms of meningitis, psittacosis should be taken into consideration. mNGS is a promising detection method in such condition and is recommended.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A case of chlamydia psittaci caused severe pneumonia and meningitis diagnosed by metagenome next-generation sequencing and clinical analysis: a case report and literature review

et al. 2021

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“…Available diagnostic methods for C. psittaci infection are not ideal. Culture methods are time consuming and requires at least biosafety level III facility [30]. Serological tests are suitable for retrospective diagnosis as sera are required in both acute and convalescent phases [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of clinical presentation of community-acquired pneumonia induced by Chlamydia psittaci and Legionella Diagnosed through Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing

Zeng

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Legionella and Chlamydia psittaci cause atypical community-acquired pneumonia, which mimic each other. Our aim was to compare the clinical characteristics of Legionella pneumonia (LP) and psittacosis and assess whether metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is an effective method for early diagnosis. Methods We conducted a retrospective study and compared seventeen patients with Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia and nine patients with LP, diagnosed by mNGS. This study was carried out in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China, from July 2018 to May 2020. mNGS was carried out from bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and/or lung tissues. Results 76.5% of psittacosis cases and 0% of legionellosis cases had an avian exposure history (p < 0.001). Compared with LP patients, psittacosis patients had significantly higher hemoglobin (118.9 ± 20.2 vs. 93.2 ± 23.2 g/L, p = 0.007), serum sodium (138.9 ± 5.4 vs. 133.9 ± 6.5 mmol/L, p = 0.047), and higher proportion of elevated aspartate aminotransferase levels (88.2 vs. 44.4%, p = 0.028). Other clinical parameters were similar in psittacosis and LP patients: normal or slightly elevated leucocytes (10.5 vs. 9.5 × 109/L, p > 0.05), neutrophils (9.4 vs. 8.3 × 109/L, p > 0.05), and procalcitonin (0.8 vs 5.1 ng/mL, p > 0.05); highly increased C-reactive protein levels (205.1 vs. 234.9 mg/L, p > 0.05); and decreased lymphocytes (0.7 vs. 0.6 × 109/L, p > 0.05). Extra-pulmonary manifestations and mortality (11.8% in psittacosis vs. 22.2% in LP group, p = 0.591) were also similar in both the groups. mNGS detected Chlamydia psittaci in 17/17 BALF samples, and Legionella in 8/8 BALF samples and 1/1 lung tissue sample. Conclusions Apart from sharing many features with legionellosis, psittacosis is a vital differential diagnosis for LP, especially in patients with avian exposure history. mNGS is a sensitive and promising method for early diagnosis of both psittacosis and LP.

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“…C. psittaci is the best characterized zoonotic species of the family Chlamydiaceae, and all genotypes are considered zoonotic, including C. psittaci M56 [44][45][46][47][48]. The reported case numbers of human psittacosis indicate that the disease is most likely underdiagnosed, due to lack of disease awareness among the general public and physicians [49][50][51][52].…”

Section: Public Health Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Chlamydiaceae in Raptors and Crows in Switzerland

et al. 2020

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Bacteria of the family Chlamydiaceae are globally disseminated and able to infect many bird species. So far, 11 species of Chlamydia have been detected in wild birds, and several studies found chlamydial strains classified as genetically intermediate between Chlamydia (C.) psittaci and C.abortus. Recently, a group of these intermediate strains was shown to form a separate species, i.e., C.buteonis. In the present study, 1128 samples from 341 raptors of 16 bird species and 253 corvids representing six species were examined using a stepwise diagnostic approach. Chlamydiaceae DNA was detected in 23.7% of the corvids and 5.9% of the raptors. In corvids, the most frequently detected Chlamydia species was C.psittaci of outer membrane protein A (ompA) genotype 1V, which is known to have a host preference for corvids. The most frequently detected ompA genotype in raptors was M56. Furthermore, one of the raptors harbored C.psittaci 1V, and two others carried genotype A. C.buteonis was not detected in the bird population investigated, so it remains unknown whether this species occurs in Switzerland. The infection rate of Chlamydiaceae in corvids was high compared to rates reported in other wild bird species, but neither Chlamydiaceae-positive corvids nor raptors showed overt signs of disease. Since the Chlamydiaceae of both, raptors and crows were identified as C.psittaci and all C.psittaci genotypes are considered to be zoonotic, it can be suggested that raptors and crows pose a potential hazard to the health of their handlers.

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Human psittacosis: a review with emphasis on surveillance in Belgium

Cited by 41 publications

References 66 publications

A case of chlamydia psittaci caused severe pneumonia and meningitis diagnosed by metagenome next-generation sequencing and clinical analysis: a case report and literature review

A case of chlamydia psittaci caused severe pneumonia and meningitis diagnosed by metagenome next-generation sequencing and clinical analysis: a case report and literature review

Comparative analysis of clinical presentation of community-acquired pneumonia induced by Chlamydia psittaci and Legionella Diagnosed through Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing

Occurrence of Chlamydiaceae in Raptors and Crows in Switzerland

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